Vibrational Spectroscopy and Cancer - Vibrational Spectroscopy for Tissue Analysis - page 89

Table 4.12
Articles on Colon Tissue

Research
Method

Investigated
Tissue or Sample

Effectiveness of
the Technique

Reference
Number Research Group

Argov et al. FTIR Colon + 152

Richter et al. FTIR & PET Colon + 153

Rigas et al. FTIR Colorectal tissue + 154

Rigas and Wong FTIR Colon + 155

Ly et al. FTIR imaging Skin and colon + 96

Pinzaru et al. SERS-Raman Colon + 156

Widjaja et al. Raman Colonic tissue + 157

Kondepati et al. FTIR Colorectal cancer + 158

Li et al. ATR-FTIR Colorectal cancer + 159

Sahu et al. FTIT Colonic tissue + 160

identified by FTIR spectroscopy, while it was not possible to accomplish this
with positron emission tomography (PET) alone. On the other hand, PET
permitted noninvasive screening for suspicious tissues inside the body,
which could not be achieved by FTIR [153].
Rigas et al. employed FTIR spectroscopy to study the tissue sections of
human colorectal cancer. Pairs of tissue samples from colorectal cancer and
histologically normal mucosa 5-10 cm away from the tumour were obtained
from 11 patients who underwent partial colectomy. All cancer specimens
displayed abnormal spectra compared with the corresponding normal tis-
sues. These changes involved the phosphate and C-O stretching bands, the
CH stretch region, and the pressure dependence of the CH 2 bending and
C=O stretching modes. It was indicated that in colonic malignant tissue,
there are changes in the degree of hydrogen bonding of (i) oxygen atoms
of the backbone of nucleic acids (increased); (ii) OH groups of serine, tyro-
sine, and threonine residues (any or all of them) of cell proteins (decreased);
and (iii) the C=O groups of the acyl chains of membrane lipids (increased).
In addition, it was shown that there were changes in the structure of proteins
and membrane lipids (as judged by the changes in their ratio of methyl to
methylene groups) and in the packing and the conformational structure of
the methylene chains of membrane lipids [154].
Rigas and Wong studied seven human colon cell lines by infrared spec-
troscopy including several spectral parameters under high pressure
(pressure-tuning spectroscopy). The seven adenocarcinoma cell lines dis-
played almost all of the important spectroscopic features of colon cancer
tissues: (a) increased hydrogen bonding of the phosphodiester groups of
nucleic acids, (b) decreased hydrogen bonding of the C-OH groups of carbo-
hydrates and proteins, (c) a prominent band at 972 cm −1 , and (d) a shift of the
band normally appearing at 1082 cm −1 to 1086 cm −1 . These cell lines differed
spectroscopically from the colon cancer tissues in that: (a) they displayed