Vibrational Spectroscopy and Cancer - Vibrational Spectroscopy for Tissue Analysis - page 84

analysed the spectral differences between normal people and liver cancer
patients. The results from more than 200 case measurements showed that
the spectral diagnosis was in good agreement with the clinical results. The
experiment indicated differences in the blue shift of the fluorescence peak
between the normal, liver fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis [131].
Another FT-Raman spectroscopy was carried out on the carcinogenic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biological systems and their
banding to heme proteins by H. P. Chiang et al. The Raman spectra of
benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a typical carcinogenic PAH, were acquired under dif-
ferent conditions and analysed. It was concluded that CH wagging and ring
stretching mixed strongly with CH in-plane bending are the most signifi-
cantly affected vibrations [132].
Van de Poll et al. reported on Raman spectroscopic evaluation of the effects of
diet and lipid-lowering therapy on atherosclerotic plaque development in mice.
Through this technique, they could quantitatively characterise the plaque with-
out using the standard destructive histopathological methods such as section-
ing. Raman spectra were obtained over the full width and entire length of the
ascending aorta and aortic arch. Spectra were modelled to calculate the relative
dry weights of cholesterol and calcium salts, and quantitative maps of their
distribution were created. In conclusion, Raman spectroscopy could be used to
quantitatively study the size and distribution of depositions of cholesterol and
calcification. It also could be used for the quantitative investigation of athero-
sclerosis and lipid-lowering therapy in larger animals or humans in vivo [133].
J. Duarte et al. investigated on the use of near-infrared Raman spec-
troscopy to detect immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies
against Toxoplasma gondii in serum samples of domestic cats. The aim of this
work was to investigate a new method to diagnosis Toxoplasma gondii , instead
of serological tests which usually have a high cost and are time consuming
as well. In conclusion, the possibility of antibody detection by Raman spec-
troscopy was confirmed [134].
D. Rohleder et al. carried out a study on quantitative analysis of serum and
serum ultrafiltrate by Raman spectroscopy. They explored the technique as a
reagent-free tool for predicting the concentrations of different parameters in
serum and serum ultrafiltrate, such as glucose, triglycerides, urea, total protein,
cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and uric acid.
The parameters were determined with accuracy within the clinically interesting
range. After creating a multivariate algorithm for data analysis, concentrations
were predicted blindly based solely on the Raman spectra. Moreover, differen-
tiation between HDL and LDL cholesterol and the quantiication of uric acid
was accomplished for serum-based Raman spectroscopy for the first time [135].
The title of the article published by L. Silveira et al. is “Correlation between
near-infrared Raman spectroscopy and the histopathological analysis of
atherosclerosis in human coronary arteries.” The objective of the study was
to obtain feasible diagnostic information to detect atheromatous plaque
using NIR spectroscopy (NIRS). An 830-nm Ti:sapphire laser pumped by an