Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
D. P. Lau et al. reported on Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in nor-
mal and cancerous tissue of the nasopharynx. The tissues obtained from
biopsies were studied using a rapid-acquisition Raman spectrometer. The
spectra were collected in five seconds and consistent differences were noted
between normal and cancerous tissue in three bands of 1290-1320, 1420-1470,
and 1530-1580 cm −1 [126].
In another work, Lau et al. studied Raman spectroscopy for optical diag-
nosis of the larynx. The objective of the research was to determine if Raman
spectra could be obtained rapidly from laryngeal tissue in vitro, and com-
pared Raman spectra from normal, benign, and cancerous laryngeal tissue.
Good-quality spectra were obtained with a 5-second signal acquisition time
(SAT). Spectral peak analysis showed prediction sensitivities of 89%, 69%,
and 88%, and specificities of 86%, 94%, and 94% for normal tissue, carcinoma,
and papilloma. Spectral differences appeared to exist between different
samples and it was concluded that the ability to obtain the spectra rapidly
supports potential for future in vivo studies [127].
Wu et al. reported on distinguishing malignant from normal oral tissues
using FTIR fibre-optic ATR and Raman spectroscopy [128]. It was concluded
that the 1745 cm −1 band, which is assigned to the ester group (C=O) vibra-
tion of triglycerides, is a reliable marker that is present in normal tissues
but absent or a weak band in malignant oral tissues. Other bands such as
C-H stretching bands and the amide bands were also helpful in distinguish-
ing malignant tissues from normal tissues. Subtraction spectra and the two
spectroscopic methods were in agreement with one another.
Teh et al. carried out a study on the diagnostic ability of NIR Raman
spectroscopy in identifying malignant tumours from normal tissues in the
larynx [129]. A rapid NIR Raman system was utilized. Multivariate statisti-
cal techniques were employed to develop effective diagnostic algorithms.
Raman spectra in the range of 800-1800 cm −1 differed significantly between
normal and malignant tumour tissues. Diagnostic sensitivity of 92.9% and
specificity of 83.3% for separating malignant tumours from normal laryn-
geal tissues were reported and it was concluded that NIR Raman spectros-
copy with multivariate statistical techniques has a potential for noninvasive
detection of malignant tumours in the larynx.
Wang et al. applied FTIR spectroscopy to detect pleomorphic adenoma of
the salivary gland in vivo [130]. In this study, FTIR spectra of 20 patients with
salivary pleomorphic adenoma were analyzed and compared. It was found
that there were significant differences in the spectral features of the skin cov-
ering normal salivary gland, pleomorphic adenoma, and carcinoma change
of pleomorphic adenoma. The most important differences were changes in
peak position, band shape, and relative intensity of the bands in the ranges of
1000-1800 cm −1 and 2800-3000 cm −1 . The results suggested that the spectra of
 
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