Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
England = 1.27
Mean 0.97
Standard Deviation 1.63
%
2.01 to 5.59
1.26 to 1.25
0.76 to 1.25
0.00 to 0.75
-0.20 to -0.01
-4.05 to -0.21
Top
Bottom
Unsampled data
Miles
0
50
100
0
50
100
Kilometres
TTWAs
Boundary Data Source: Travel to Work Areas 1998, National Statistics
Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
Note:
Dei nition of KIBS - 1992 SIC categories 72, 73, 74.1, 74.2, 74.3, 74.4; i gures have been based on
sextiles.
Figure 23
.
4
Percentage change of employees in knowledge-intensive business services
between 1991 and 2001
spokes (Boschma and Frenken, 2006). This places a premium on the continual allocation
of resources to network and infrastructural developments such as business and social
linkages together with transport and communications. Regions that remain locked in to
mature industries and existing physical and social infrastructures are likely to experience
structural decline (Boschma and Frenken, 2006).
London and its surrounding areas provide one of the best examples of dynamic and
hierarchical network development in the service-based information economy. For many
of the i rms in the area access to the kinds of concentration of ICT specialists shown in
Figure 23.2 is crucial. They are essential to the development of electronic infrastructures,
