Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
emergent agglomerative phenomenon; associative governance, leadership and i nance;
growth markets; and 'ahead of the curve' research and innovation knowledge (Cooke,
2008b). These mini-innovation system 'clusters' range from agro-food, through steel,
robotics, industrial controls, robotics and i bre optics to healthcare services and biotech-
nology. Hence this is a robust test, conducted after the third year of cluster existence,
but it is unclear whether all will survive and whether there is Swedish exceptionalism
or maybe a new 'Swedish paradox' if all or any do. Hence there is a need for evaluative
research, possibly utilising reference class forecasting (Flyvbjerg, 2008) to assist. This
uses evolutionary evaluative modelling to establish actual costs and successes or failures
of projects rather than traditional ex ante cost-accounting models that habitually over-
run predicted costs and performance estimates.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the organisers, Ron Boschma and Ron Martin, and participants
at the i rst Evolutionary Economic Geography workshop at St Catharine's College,
Cambridge, UK in April 2006 where this chapter was i rst presented. In particular, our
discussant, the late Bent Dalum, is thanked for his astute advice to 'edit down'. We also
thank the reviewers for advice to 'edit down further' but also 'edit up' here and there.
Finally the i rst author thanks the second for her great assistance in conducting the
survey administration and analysis on the ESRC funded research project Ref: RES-
000-23-0192 'Collective Learning in the Knowledge Economy: Milieu or Market?' The
resources of ESRC are also gratefully acknowledged.
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