Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 15.1. Composition of the basal diets used to determine methionine + cystine (Met+Cys), threonine
(Thr), lysine (Lys) and valine (Val) maintenance requirements.
Met+Cys
Thr
Lys
Val
Ingredients
BW
Cobb
BW
Cobb
BW
Cobb
Corn
355
581
451
370
781
677
Soybean meal 450 g/kg
480
319
392
450
100
225
Soybean oil
73.2
43.8
50.2
60.0
21.8
21.5
Dicalcium phosphate
20.8
21.4
21.3
21.0
8.13
11.3
Limestone
9.30
9.80
9.50
9.30
6.59
7.90
Salt
8.10
8.00
8.00
8.10
4.02
5.34
l l-Lysine HCl (785 g/kg)
2.70
-
5.40
6.00
-
5.17
dl -Methionine (980 g/kg)
1.40
0.30
10.1
11.7
8.76
7.33
l l-Threonine (906 g/kg)
6.80
0.80
2.00
4.10
8.57
5.62
l -Tryptophan (933 g/kg)
1.60
-
-
3.00
2.51
1.62
l l-Valine (980 g/kg)
9.00
1.20
11.0
12.0
10.4
5.19
l l-Arginine (931g/kg)
5.10
-
7.80
8.80
11.0
6.26
l l-Isoleucine (980 g/kg)
6.40
-
7.90
9.00
8.87
6.23
l l-Leucine (985 g/kg)
4.20
-
6.10
9.00
7.45
4.07
l l-Phenylalanine (980 g/kg)
1.00
-
2.40
3.00
4.91
4.99
l l-Glycine (980 g/kg)
-
-
-
-
-
0.97
Potassium chloride
-
-
-
-
5.00
2.71
Choline chloride 700 g/kg
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
1.00
1.00
Vitamin/mineral premix a
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
1.00
Calculated nutritional levels
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg)
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.4
Crude protein (g/kg) b
294
204
270
283
166
196
Lysine c
15.1
9.31
15.1
16.9
3.77
11.1
Methionine + cystine
7.92
5.85
15.8
17.7
11.9
11.7
Tryptophan
4.37
2.15
4.37
5.57
3.28
3.23
Threonine
14.6
7.2
7.32
11.7
10.9
10.8
Arginine
21.2
11.9
21.1
23.6
15.9
15.6
Valine
19.4
9.43
20
21.8
14.3
11.8
Phenylalanine
12.6
8.98
12.4
13.9
9.44
12.1
Isoleucine
16.4
8.09
16.5
18.5
12.3
12.1
Leucine
23.4
16.3
23.4
27.2
17.5
17.3
a Content/kg - vit. A = 12,000,000 IU, vit. D3 = 22,000,000 IU, vit. E = 30,000 mg, vit. B1 = 2200 mg, vit. B2 = 6000 mg,
vit. B6 = 3300 mg, vit. B12 = 16,000 mg, Niacin = 53,000 mg, pantothenic acid = 13,000 mg, vit. K = 2500 mg, folic
acid = 1000 mg, selenium = 250 mg, antioxidant = 100,000 mg, manganese = 75,000 mg, iron = 50,000 mg, zinc = 70,000 mg,
copper = 6500 mg, cobalt = 200 mg, iodine = 1500 mg.
b Analysed crude protein levels (N × 6.25).
c Digestible amino acid, g/kg.
thawed and homogenized using a blender
(RI2008, Walita). A known volume of dis-
tilled water was added in order to obtain
a  proper texture, as described by Burnham
and Gous (1992). In this case, the weight cor-
responding to the volume of distilled water
added was summed to the total excreta pro-
duced. Aliquots were poured on disposable
Petri dishes, weighed, frozen (-20°C) and
then vacuum-dried (-80°C; - 80 kPa) (VLP20,
Thermo Fisher) for 72 h. Dried samples were
ground in a micro mill (A11 BASIC - IKA,
São Paulo) for 1 min. The experimental diets
were submitted to the same procedure. At
the end of each trial the roosters were sacri-
ficed, and their carcasses were frozen,
plucked, ground, and a sample was collected
and freeze-dried. Diet, excreta and carcass
samples were analysed for dry matter, ether
extract (only carcasses) and total N content,
 
 
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