Operational Excellence - The Practice of Cloud System Administration - page 405

• Change Management (CM): Managing how services are purposefully changed
over time. This includes the service delivery platform and how it is used to create,
deliver, and push into production new application and infrastructure software. This
includes firmware upgrades, network changes, and OS configuration management.
• New Product Introduction and Removal (NPI/NPR): Determining how new
products and services are introduced into the environment and how they are de-
precated and removed. This is a coordination function. Introducing and removing a
service or product from an environment touches on multiple teams. Removing it
involves tracking down the current users and managing the migration away from
the service so it can be eliminated. For example, it may involve coordinating all
teams that are touched by introducing a new brand of hardware into an ecosystem,
launching an entirely new service, or decommissioning all instances of an old
hardware platform.
• Service Deploy and Decommission (SDD): Determining how instances of an ex-
isting service are created and how they are turned off (decommissioned). After a
service is introduced to an environment, it is deployed many times. After serving
their purpose, these deployments are decommissioned. Examples include turning
up a new datacenter, adding a replica of a service, or adding a replica of a data-
base.
• Performance and Efficiency (PE): Measuring how well a service performs and
how cost-effectively resources are used. A running service needs to have good per-
formance without wasting resources. Examples include managing utilization or
power efficiency and related costs.
ThedifferencebetweenNPI,SDD,andCMissubtle.NPIishowsomethingislaunchedfor
thefirsttime.Itisthenon-technicalcoordinatingfunctionforallrelatedprocesses,manyof
whicharetechnical.SDDisthetechnicalprocessofdeployingnewinstancesofanexisting
item, whether it is a machine, a server, or a service. It may include non-technical processes
suchasbudgetapproval,buttheseareinsupportofthetechnicalgoal.CMishowupgrades
and changes are managed, either using a software deployment platform or an enterprise-
style change management review board.
See Appendix A for more detailed descriptions of these, plus additional ORs specific to
certain chapters of this topic.
20.3.2 Assessment Levels
The rating, or assessment, uses a scale of 1 to 5, based on the Capability Maturity Model
(CMM) .TheCMMisatooldesignedtomeasure thematurity ofacapability orresponsib-
ility.