Possible Roles of Long-chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters in the Fusion of Biomembranes - Fusion of Biological Membranes and Related Problems - page 177

Table 1
Proposed effects of long-chain acyl-CoA esters in cellular regulation and signal
transduction. Modified from Fæergeman and Knudsen (1997)

Acyl-CoA regulation of Effect References

Lipid metabolism
Fatty acid synthesis:
Acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC)
AMP-activated kinase-kinase

Inhibitory, K i = 5.5 nM Ogiwara et al., 1978

Stimulatory, 50-200 nM range Carling et al., 1987

Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) Inhibitory, K i = 4 µM Pande, 1973

Citrate transporter
TG/PL/CE synthesis:
HMG-CoA

Inhibitory, IC 50 =32µM Halperin et al., 1972

reductase Inhibitory, IC 50 = 0.16-1.9 µM Lehrer et al., 1981

-oxidation:
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I)
Medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

β

Inhibitory, IC 50 ≈ 20 µM Murthy and Pande, 1987a

Inhibitory Powell et al., 1987

CE/TG hydrolysis:
Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
Energy metabolism
Adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT)
Glucokinase

Inhibitory, IC 50 = 0.1 µM Jepson and Yeaman, 1992

Inhibitory, K i =1µM Woldegiorgis et al., 1981

Inhibitory, K i = 1.8 µM Tippett and Neet, 1982a,b

Glucose-6-phosphatase Inhibitory, IC 50 = 50 µM Fulceri et al., 1995

Pyruvate dehydrogenase Inhibitory, IC 50 = 30 µM Moore et al., 1992

Signal transduction
Ion channels/pumps:
Ca 2+ -release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca 2+ -release from sea urchin eggs

Stimulatory, EC 50 =6µM Fulceri et al., 1994

Stimulatory Chini and Dousa, 1996

GTP-dependent Ca 2+ -release from ER Inhibitory, IC 50 = 0.5 µM Comerford and

Dawson, 1993;
Rys-Sikora et al., 1994
Fulceri et al., 1993
Deeney et al., 1992
Siliprandi et al., 1992
Kakar et al., 1987
Halle-Smith et al., 1988

Ca 2+ -release from ER/IP 3 -insensitive pool
Ca 2+ -uptake by Ca 2+ -ATPases (pumps)
∆

Stimulatory, EC 50 =50µM
Stimulatory, EC 50 = 0.5 µM
Inhibitory
Stimulatory, EC 50 =3µM
Inhibitory, IC 50 = 2.4 µM

X and Mg 2+ content of mitochondria
Plasma membrane Na + /K + -ATPase
pH-dependent anion-conducting channel
ATP-sensitive K + -channel Stimulatory Larsson et al., 1996

Protein kinase C (PKC)-subtypes:
Ca 2+ /PL/DAG-dependent PKC
PKCn (neutrophils)
Gene expression:
Nuclear thyroid hormone receptor
HNF4

Stimulatory, EC 50 15 µM

Inhibitory, IC 50 <10µM

≈ Bronfman et al., 1988

Majumdar et al,, 1991

Inhibitory, K i = 0.45 µM Li et al., 1990; 1993

α transcription factor Stimulatory and inhibitory Hertz et al., 1998

Inhibitory, K m = 12.1 nM
Repression (

FadR, E. coli transcription factor
OLE1 gene expression (yeast)
ACC gene expression (yeast)

Raman and DiRusso, 1995
Choi et al., 1996

∆ -9 unsaturated)

Repression Kamiryo et al., 1976

Protein sorting:
Vesicular transport in Golgi, budding

Stimulatory, low µM-range

Ostermann et al., 1993:
Pfanner et al., 1989
Pfanner et al., 1990
Haas and Wickner, 1996
Rich et al., 1995;
Comerford and
Dawson, 1993

Stimulatory, low µM-range
Stimulatory, 0.1-1 µM
Inhibitory, IC 50 = 15-18 µM

Vesicular transport in Golgi, fusion
Homotypic vacuole fusion (yeast)
GTP-dependent vesicle fusion in ER

Proteolysis:
Proline endopeptidase Inhibitory, K i ≈ 9 µM Yamakawa et al,, 1990