Databases Reference
In-Depth Information
operations include follows, contains, and transition. Example spatial opera-
tions are parallel to and below. Hierarchical Temporal Language (HTL) [33]
also uses a hierarchical model of video consisting of units such as frames,
shots, and subplots. The semantics of the language is designed for similarity-
based retrieval.
8.4.2 Commercial Products and Research Prototypes
Several research and commercial systems provide indexing and querying
based on visual features such as color and texture. Certain unique features of
these systems are discussed here.
8.4.2.1 Research Systems
The Photobook system [34] enables users to plug in their own content analy-
sis procedures and select among different content models based on user
feedback via a learning agent. Sample applications include a face-recognition
system, image retrieval by texture similarity, brain map, and semiautomatic
annotation based on user-given labels and visual similarity. VisualSEEk [35]
allows localized feature queries and histogram refinement for feedback using
a Web-based tool. An important effort is VideoQ system [36]. The user
interface that is provided is quite flexible and gives sufficient query abilities
to the user.
8.4.2.2 Commercial Systems
IBMs DB2 system supports video retrieval via video extenders
(http://www.software.ibm.com/data/db2/extenders). Video extenders allow
for the import of video clips and the querying of those clips based on attrib-
utes such as the format, name/number, or description of the video, as well as
last modification time.
Oracle (v.8) introduced integrated support for a variety of multimedia
content (Oracle Integrated Multimedia Support [37]). The set of services
includes text, image, audio, video, and spatial information as native data
types, together with a suite of data cartridges that provides functionality
to store, manage, search, and efficiently retrieve multimedia content from
the server. Oracle8i has extended this support with significant innovations,
including its ability to support cross-domain applications that combine
searches of a number of kinds of multimedia forms and native support for
data in a variety of standard Internet formats, including JPEG, MPEG, GIF,
and the like.
Informixs multimedia asset management technology [38] offers a
range of solutions for media and publishing organizations. In fact, Informixs
