Databases Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.1 summarizes the history of DBs (years are approximate because of
the big gaps that sometimes existed between theoretical research, the appear-
ance of the resulting prototypes, and when the corresponding products were
offered in the market).
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1.2.2
Evolution of DB Design Methodologies
DB modeling is a complex problem that deals with the conception, compre-
hension, structure, and description of the real world (universe of discourse),
Table 1.1
Database Evolution
1960
First DB products (DBOM, IMS, IDS, Total, IDMS)
Codasyl standards
1970
Relational model
RDBMS prototypes
Relational theoretical works
Three-level architecture (ANSI and Codasyl)
E/R model
First relational market products
1980
Distributed DBs
CASE tools
SQL standard (ANSI, ISO)
Object-oriented DB manifesto
1990
Third-generation DB manifesto
Client/server architecture (two-tier architecture)
First object DB products
Reference models (ISO/ANSI)
SQL 92
ODMG consortium (OO standards)
Data warehouses
SQL: 1999 (previously SQL3)
2000
Three-tier architecture
Object relational model
Databases and the World Wide Web
Mobile DBs
SQL/MM
3.
In considering the contents of this topic and the significance of DB design, we thought it
appropriate to dedicate a part of this first chapter to presenting the evolution of DB design.
