3D Plotting of Bioceramic Scaffolds under Physiological Conditions for Bone Tissue Engineering - Advanced Bioactive Inorganic Materials for Bone Regeneration and Drug Delivery - page 83

4
3D Plotting of Bioceramic Scaffolds
under Physiological Conditions
for Bone Tissue Engineering
Yongxiang Luo, Anja Lode, Chengtie Wu, and Michael Gelinsky
CONTENTS
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 83
4.1.1 Bioceramic Scaffold-Based Bone Tissue Engineering................. 83
4.1.2 Rapid Prototyping Techniques Applied for Scaffolds
Fabrication ......................................................................................... 85
4.1.3 Rapid Prototyping of Bioceramics ................................................. 85
4.1.4 Rapid Prototyping-Based Tissue Engineering ............................ 86
4.2 3D Plotting of Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) Scaffolds ................. 88
4.2.1 Preparation of the Plotable CPC Paste and 3D Plotting of
CPC Scaffolds ................................................................................... 89
4.2.2 Characterization of the Plotted CPC Scaffolds ............................ 93
4.2.3 In Vitro Biological Evaluation of the CPC Scaffolds .................... 97
4.3 Polymer Reinforced Biphasic CPC-Alginate Scaffolds .......................... 97
4.3.1 Fabrication of Biphasic and Mixed CPC-Alginate Scaffolds ..... 99
4.3.2 Characterization of the Plotted CPC-Alginate Scaffolds ......... 102
4.4 3D Plotting of Silicon-Based Bioceramic Scaffolds ............................... 107
4.5 Conclusions and Future Directions ........................................................ 111
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 112
References ............................................................................................................. 112
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Bioceramic Scaffold-Based Bone Tissue Engineering
Bone loss and osseous defects caused by aging, trauma, tumor resection, or
infection severely threaten human health and decrease quality of life. Bone
graft, often applied in the clinical situation for treatment of lesions that can-
not heal spontaneously, has been recognized as an effective way to repair
such defects and regenerate bone function. However, autograft and allograft