Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 7.3
SEM micrographs for the (a) pure CaP powders and (b) hybrid CaP/silk powders.
PCL/nHAp nanocomposite scaffolds had good surface structures, mechani-
cal properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity (Xu et al. 2012).
Zhang et al. (2009) investigated a porous CaP/silk composite scaffolds via
a freeze-drying method to facilitate osteogenic properties of human bone
mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and
in vivo
bone formation abilities.
The results showed that incorporating the hybrid CaP/silk powders into
silk scaffolds improved both pore structure architecture and distribution of
CaP powders in the composite scaffolds. And
in vitro
osteogenic differentia-
tion of BMSCs was enhanced and cancellous bone formation was increased
(Figure 7.3) (Zhang et al. 2010).
7.2.1.2 Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP)
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has been widely used to regenerate various
hard tissues. Although bioceramics and collagen have various biological
advantages with respect to cellular activity, their usage has been limited due
to the inherent brittleness and low mechanical properties of β-TCP, along
with the low shapeability of the three-dimensional collagen. Therefore, there
are many studies based on β-TCP to produce different composites to improve
its characteristics.
7.2.1.2.1 Scaffolds
Haimi et al. (2009) compared the effects of novel three-dimensional com-
posite scaffolds consisting of a bioactive phase (bioactive glass o rβ-TCP 10
and 20 wt%) incorporated within a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix on viabil-
ity, distribution, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human adi-
pose stem cells (ASCs). DNA content and ALP activity of ASCs cultured on
PLA/β-TCP composite scaffolds were higher than other types of scaffolds.
Interestingly, the cell number was significantly lower, but the relative ALP/
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