Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1.5
Opportunistic and “Modern” Bacterial Pathogens Transmitted by the Water Route
Disease and
Specific
Reservoir
Common
Symptoms
Incubation
Prevention
/or Conditions
Agent
Vehicle
Period
and Control
Va r i e d
infections
(urinary, eye)
and abscesses
(lung, brain),
septicemia
Acinetobacter
spp.:
calcoaceticus-
baumannii
complex
Soil, seawater,
freshwater,
estuarine water,
wastewater,
contaminated food
Finished waters
withhigh
bacterial levels
and low
disinfectant
residuals
Multifactorial
according to
body site
affected
6-12 days
Adequate water
treatment;
maintain chlorine
residual in
distribution system
Gastrointestinal
maladies;
septicemia
Aeromonas
spp.:
hydrophila,
sobria, caviae
Freshwater, marine
water, estuarine
water, wastewater,
sludges, sediments
Finished waters
with high
bacterial levels
Diarrhea,
vomiting
1-2 days
Adequate water
treatment;
maintain chlorine
residual in
distribution system
Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter
spp.:
jejuni, coli,
upsaliensis
Contaminated
water, wastewater,
wastewater
effluent
Contaminated
water
facilitating a
zoonosis
especially
involving
poultry
Diarrhea, fever,
cramps,
tiredness,
occasional
vomiting
2-5 days
Disinfect water to
effectively
minimize residual
E. coli
numbers
