Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1.4
(continued)
Disease
Specific
Reservoir
Common
Symptoms
Incubation
Prevention
Agent
Vehicle
in Brief
Period
and Control
Trichuriasis
(whipworm)
Trichuris
trichiura
Large intestine
of man
Contaminated
food, soil
No special symptoms,
possibly stomach pain
Long and
indefinite
Sanitation, boil water,
cook food well, properly
dispose feces.
b
Oxyuriasis
(pinworm,
threadworm, or
enterobiasis)
Oxyuris
vermicularis
,
or
Enterobius
vermicularis
Large intestine
of man,
particularly
children
Fingers, ova-laden
dust, contaminated
food, water,
sewage; clothing,
bedding
Nasal and anal itching,
diarrhea
3-6 weeks;
months
Wash hands after
defecation. Keep
fingernails short. Sleep in
cotton underwear.
Sanitation.
Fasciolopsias
a
(intestinal
flukes)
Fasciolopsis
buski
Small intestine
of man, dogs,
pigs
Raw freshwater
plants, water, food
Stomach pain, diarrhea,
greenish stools,
constipation, edema
6 - 8 weeks
Cook or dip in boiling
water roots of lotus,
bamboo, water chestnut,
caltrop.
Dwarf
tapeworm (rat
tapeworm)
Hymenolepis
nana
(
diminuta
)
Man and
rodents
Food contaminated
with ova, direct
contact
Diarrhea or stomach
pain, irritation of
intestine
1 month
Sanitary excreta disposal,
personal hygiene, food
sanitation, rodent control.
