Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1.4
(continued)
Disease
Specific
Reservoir
Common
Symptoms
Incubation
Prevention
Agent
Vehicle
in Brief
Period
and Control
Schistosomiasis
(Bilharziasis) a
(blood flukes)
Schistosoma
haematobium,
S. mansoni, S.
japonicum, S.
intercalatum
Venous
circulation of
man; urine,
feces, dogs,
cats, pigs,
cattle, horses,
field mice, wild
rats, water
buffalo
Cercariae-infested
drinking and
bathing water
(lakes and coastal
sea waters)
Dysenteric or urinary
symptoms, rigors,
itching on skin,
dermatitis; carrier state
1 to 2 years and up to
25 years. Swimmer's
itch schistosomes do
not mature in man.
4-6 weeks
or longer
Avoid infested water for
drinking or bathing;
coagulation,
sedimentation, and
filtration plus Cl 2 1 mg/l;
boil water; impound water
48 hr, Cl 2 .Slowsand
filtration plus Cl 2 .1mg/l
CuSO 4 to kill cercariae
and 20 mg/l to kill snails.
Drug treatment available.
Ascariasis
(intestinal
roundworm)
Ascaris
lumbricoides
Small intestine
of man, gorilla,
ape
Contaminated
food, water;
sewage
Worm in stool,
abdominal pain, skin
rash, protuberant
abdomen, nausea, large
appetite
About 2
months
Personal hygiene,
sanitation. b Boil drinking
water in endemic areas.
Sanitary excreta disposal.
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