Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1.4
(continued)
Disease
Specific
Reservoir
Common
Symptoms
Incubation
Prevention
Agent
Vehicle
in Brief
Period
and Control
Giardiasis
Giardia
lamblia
Bowel
discharges of
carrier and
infected
persons; dog,
beaver
Cysts,
contaminated
water, food,
raw fruits; also
hand-to-mouth
route
Prolonged diarrhea,
abdominal cramps,
severe weight loss,
fatigue, nausea, gas;
fever is unusual.
6 - 22 days,
average 9
days
Same as amebiasis.
Cryptos-
poridiosis
Cryptos-
poridium
spp
Farm animals,
man, fowl, cats,
dogs, mice
Contaminated
water, food,
fecal-oral,
person-to-person
Mild flulike symptoms,
diarrhea, vomiting,
nausea, stomach pain
2 - 21 days,
average
2 - 10 days
Avoid untreated water,
also ice, unpasteurized
milk, salads in areas of
poor hygiene.
Balantidiasis
Balantidium
coli
Swine, man,
and other
animals
Ingestion of
cysts in
infected feces
Mild diarrhea, nausea,
dysentery, vomiting
Unknown, a
few days
Same as cryptosporidiosis,
and Shigellosis.
Primary amebic
meningoen-
cephalitis
(PAM)
Naegleria
fowleri
Warm
freshwater
bodies and
swimming
Nasal tissue
contact with
water through
inhalation
Sudden headache,
vomiting, fever,
nausea, pharyngitis;
late stages include
3 - 7 days
Drinking water supplies
may be disinfected with
chlorine or ultraviolet
irradiation at proper
