Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 1.4
(continued)
Disease
Specific
Reservoir
Common
Symptoms
Incubation
Prevention
Agent
Vehicle
in Brief
Period
and Control
Bacillus cereus
food
poisoning —
diarrheal type
Bacillus
cereus
, toxin
heat labile
Spores found in
wide variety of
cereals, spices,
vegetables, and
milk
Inadequately
refrigerated
cooked foods and
subsequently
inadequately
reheated
Diarrhea, cramps;
vomiting sometimes
6 - 16 hr
Prevent food contamination.
Cool food rapidly in shallow
containers, reheat rapidly.
Bacillus cereus
food
poisoning —
vomiting type
Bacillus
cereus
, toxin
heat stable
Same as
diarrheal
Boiled and fried
rice
Vomiting, diarrhea,
nausea, sometimes
1 - 6 hr
Same as diarrhea. Some
spores, if present in large
numbers may survive Ultra
high temperture (UHT) and
High temperature-short time
(HTST) pasteurization.
Gastroenteritis,
dermatitis,
central nervous
system
disorders
Cyano-
bacteria
Nutrient-rich
surface waters,
aquatic
sediments, soils
Ingestion and
body contact
involving waters
containing dense
cyanobacterial cell
mass
Tremors,
hypersalivation,
ataxia, diarrhea
(ingestion); rash, eye
irritation, asthma
(skin contact)
7 - 14 days
Water treatment may
involve microscreening,
coagulation, filtration;
distribution system should
be monitored for
accumulation of cell
residues and flushed
