Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
leaving toilets (See see “School Sanitation”), (3) managing solid wastes from
houses by furnishing routine pickup, storage in protected storage sites (to pre-
vent public access, especially by children), transfer to landfill sites using sanitary
landfill techniques, again fenced off from the public, (4) careful attention to pro-
vision of adequate town drainage plus planning for discharge of the drainage
outside the town without flooding downstream areas. Unfortunately, the Chinese
resettlement authority opted for use of dry toilets in the homes, instead of use
of pour-flush toilets (to enable washing on exit), which could have been used,
considering that all homes received piped water supply. Otherwise, these homes
actually had sanitation facilities at the “semiurban” level, far better than those in
the towns that the resettlers come from.
Household Excreta Management
The World Bank project of the late
1990s for resettling villagers displaced by the Xiaolangdi dam on the Yellow
River
160
included an estimate of the relative values of household excreta
management systems for protecting public health, which is summarized in
Figure 4.20. This compares the performance of (1) dry latrine toilet systems,
Flush toilet
with sewers
60
Pour flush—2 pits
40
Dry system—2 pits
30
Dry system—1 pit
20
Dry latrine
0
FIGURE 4.20
Health Protection Levels for Different Methods of Excreta Management.
