Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
“illegally,” hence previously not considered eligible for assistance, but in fact
these people were citizens who were there to stay hence deserving of assistance.
Quantification of Impacts of Jakarta KIP
A paper prepared for presentation
at a UNEP conference on slum management at Bangkok in 1976
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evaluated the
information derived from the KIP projects in Indonesia cities with the objective of
quantifying the actual impact of the water supply and sanitation improvements
furnished by the KIP projects. The Jakarta KIP in 1969 to 1972 covered 88
villages with 2 million people. Some key findings are the following:
1.
Definition of KIP sanitation component:
This was defined as including the
following components:
Water supply:
Facilities for making water of acceptable (good and safe)
quality and of sufficient quantity available to village residents.
Public hygiene:
Facilities for enhancing use of this water for promotion of
community sanitation, especially toilets, plus washing and bathing facil-
ities, usually in the form of “MCK's” (public hygiene stations located
at strategic points in the village), available at low rates (costs partially
subsidized by government).
Excreta management:
Sanitary sewerage system when affordable. For
homes not connected to sewers, use of pour-flush toilets with dual
leaching pits, with availability of a community pit desludging service
with affordable service rates.
Surface drainage:
Provision of minimum surface drains to maintain a rea-
sonably dry community environment most of the time.
Access ways:
These are pathways high enough to enable villagers to reach
their homes form the roads in the rainy season without traveling in water.
Solid wastes:
Minimum facilities for collection, hauling, storage, and dis-
posal of solid wastes.
2.
Water supply
The basic problem is the cost for individual homes to afford
individual house connections. One solution is to permit on several houses
to be served together as a single unit (up to 10 houses), with a single meter
and single connection fee, and moreover to permit this fee to be paid in
easy monthly installments rather than requiring payment in advance. It is
estimated this reduces the average per house cost for installing connections
to houses by about 50 percent. Where public taps are used, the key prob-
lem is to ensure it is properly operated/maintained. The usual solution is
to assign management rights to the individual homeowner who allows a
portion of his land to be used for the tap, with authority to charge for the
water at established rates.
Expansion of KIP Program to Cover Entire Country
The success of the
initial Jakarta project, including the World Bank sponsored improvements to the
original Jakarta KIP implemented by Jakarta on its own, resulted in subsequent
