Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
agencies, including insistence on appropriate use of the EIA to be an integral
project feasibility planning, and selected use of the subcountry E-c-E planning
process. Without strong NEcPA support, the NEnPA cannot be successful.
Strengthen the NEnPA (at least in its components relating to urban devel-
opment, looking at this from the urban point of view) so that the NEnPA
capabilities/resources are sufficient to do a meaningful job, which has not been
yet the case in any of the seven countries. In the poorer DCs, the situation is
pathetic, but some meaningful progress is now being made in Indonesia, which
is now launching an innovative large-scale program including establishing of an
“NEnPA affiliate” for proceeding with local action on such issues as industrial
pollution control and pollution cleanup in river basins experiencing heavy growth.
In Thailand, a similar approach is envisioned under a new environmental law,
by delegating environmental responsibilities to the provincial governors, together
with resources to enable them to act.
In general, the budget resources available to the NEnPAs are very low compared
to the situation in the United States (and extremely low in the poorer DCs); hence,
a critical study is needed for developing guidelines on minimum “bottom 1ine”
budget/staffing levels appropriate for DCs. This does not suggest matching U.S.
levels, but certainly more than one percent or a few percentages of U.S. levels.
Follow-up Evaluation of ADB Study
Purpose of Study
The report on “Economic Policies for Sustainable Devel-
opment,” published by the Asian Development Bank in September 1990, was
based on detailed case studies of national development problems in seven selected
Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, and South Korea. The country reports considered the present and pro-
jected future conditions involved in continuing economic development of the
countries, considering all environmental sectors, especially as related to the prob-
lem of relentless population growth and accelerating rural to urban migration. A
follow-up study was carried out by the ADB in 1993
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to make an analysis of
the detailed information in the country reports with respect to the mushroom-
ing needs for urban infrastructure and services. This appears to be perhaps the
paramount environmental problem to be faced up to by the DCs over the next
several decades.
Methodology
Based on preliminary review of the country reports, a “standard
format” (four pages) was prepared that lists the various items discussed in the
reports in a systematic manner, as related to urban environmental development.
The main items of this listing (each of which has a number of sublistings) are
the following:
Urban Growth Management Existing Situation
Urban population growth
Employment and incomes
Poverty and slums
