Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The pertinent laws and
3.6 Compliance with Environmental Laws
regulations are discussed in Annex II.
4. Full-Scale EIA Tasks for HWMP/SWs
4.1 Introduction
Sections 3.1.1, 3.1.3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6 for LWs also
apply to SW systems.
4.2 Use of Reference 2
As already noted, reference 2 from U.S. EPA,
“Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfill Design, Construction, and
Closure,” which is available in the DEIE Library. This presents the basic
information for planning and monitoring HWMP/SW systems. Included here
in Annex IV is the Table of Contents of Reference 2 and section 1 which
summarizes the salient findings of this publication.
Information of Task 4 (SEIs and treatment methodology) is given in
Annex IV section 2 to 9, including closure systems and provision for
emergency response in event of spills/failures. Information on monitoring is
given in Annex IV, sections 4, 6, 7, 9, 10.
4.3 Special Situation on Clays in BMR
In the BMR, much of the area
is covered with very thick layers of very tight impermeable clay layers of
thickness of 100 meters or more, and the usable groundwater resources are
below this layer. Where this is the case, this greatly simplifies the design of
landfill systems both for solid wastes (including solid hazardous wastes),
especially use of liners. Linear technology has been developed primarily in
the United States where the soils are permeable and where leakage from the
fill can contaminate valuable groundwater. In BMR (and similar coastal
areas of Thailand) the clay layers are often impermeable so that leachate
hazards are minimized, and if sufficiently impermeable the liners may not be
needed. This potential in BMR is reviewed in Reference 10.
5. Summary and Conclusions
The technology on management of HWs as its won specialty is relatively
new, beginning essentially in the 1980s as part of U.S. EPA's focusing on
this issue including its Superfund program. The technology is still evolving
and it is estimated that about another decade will be required before this
specialized field becomes conventional and standardized.
Annex I: References
1. “Preliminary Data Summary of Hazardous Waste Treatment Industry,”
Document EIA-440/1-89/100, U.S. EPA, Sept. 1989.
2. “Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfill Design, Construction, and
Closure,” Publication EPA/625/4-89/622, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio,
1989.
