Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
from neighbors (see section on “Urban Sewerage and Excreta Management,”
subsection on “Buffer Area”).
Following these guidelines, an ADB-sponsored project in 1997 produced and
EIA manual on the requirements for designing and operating an acceptable DC
sanitary landfill
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Experience in Asian DCs
Thailand
Most Thailand cities are located in the flat lowland regions where
the major groundwater resources are at deep depths covered by deep layers of
impermeable clays, so it is feasible to find sites where use of expensive lin-
ers is not necessary. In about 1990, there were only a few municipal sanitary
landfills (MSLs) in the country, and these came about at local initiative (usually
by city officials who happened to observe SLF operations in the United States).
Beginning in the 1990s, Thailand's Pollution Control Department (branch of the
country's environmental ministry), in response to development of serious SWM
problems in several municipal areas, undertook studies to plan SLF operations on
a provincial basis so that a single MSL could provide economic service to several
municipalities in its region. However, while these plans appear excellent from
the technical/economic points of view, progress in implementing these schemes
has been slow because it has been difficult to obtain political approval from the
municipalities involved
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Malaysia
Solid waste disposal problems in cities in the Klang Valley region the
country's primary population/industrial region with a number of cities (including
the capital city of Kuala Lumpur) had become especially serious by about 1970,
due to the legal situation where each city is responsible for managing its own
disposal, but usable disposal sites within the city boundaries had become all used
up, and the cities had no authority to utilize areas outside their boundaries. As
part of an ADB-sponsored project for improving economic-cum-environmental
development in the region, called the “Klang Valley Environmental Improvement
Project”
5
, a plan was prepared in 1987 for a single regional SWL system serving
all these cities, including trucks for picking up the wastes collected by each city,
hauling these to the SWL site (using transfer stations as needed along the way),
with the SLF well located for economic hauling form the cities to be serviced.
The essence of this plan is shown in Figure 4.16. At the same time, the capital
city of Kuala Lumpur had proposed to proceed with an incineration plan that
would cost seven times as much per ton of solid waste incinerated, compared to
the regional plan, and even the incineration scheme would dispose of only 80
percent of the waste with 20 percent remaining as residue to be disposed of by
hauling to a landfill.
Philippines
In most DCs, a serious public health hazard is the practice of
the urban poor to find employment by visiting SLF sites to pick them over to
recover plastics and other resalable. In the Philippines, the Ministry of Human
