Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
national and local governments. The study recommended that this new approach
be demonstrated by first applying it to the Yellow River basin in north China,
resulting in a follow-up World Bank sponsored study for this demonstration
for the Yellow River basin completed in 2005
165
. This included provisions for
authorizing this new basin agency for achieving effective water pollution control
throughout the basin, following the same approach developed by U.S. EPA in
the 1960s, which has been proven to be very successful. Actual achievement of
the recommended effective river basin authorizes will, of course, not be easy for
China to achieve, but this must be done because the existing ineffective system
is no longer viable. And this same approach (use of real basin authorities) is
critically needed in most DCs, including Indonesia
156
.
Watershed Management
Watershed management represents a complex specialized technology in the field
of environmental engineering, especially on the need for maintaining forest cover
to prevent massive erosion runoff and loss of infiltration of rainwater into the
soil to maintain groundwater that furnishes the dry weather flow of streams. Such
management is most important in water shortage regions.
Particular references that discuss pertinent projects applicable to DC conditions
include the following:
“Supplemental EIA Manual for Watershed Projects,” prepared for the Thai-
land National Environment Board in 1997
69
.
•
Ludwig, H., “Engineering-Cum-Environmentalism: Case Study of Tarim
River Basin of China” (Region of the Silk Road), ASEP Newsletter, Septem-
ber 1992
76
.
•
Ludwig, H., and Castro, L., “Sharing of Project Benefits for Hydropower
Projects in Upland Regions of Philippines,”
ASEP Newsletter
,September
1992
103
.
•
Ludwig, H., “Wastewater Management and Water Quality Control, Expe-
rience in California as Applicable for Helping Resolve Water Shortage
Problem for North China,” for World Bank/Beijing, April 2001
85
.
•
World Bank, “Water Agenda Study for North China,” D. Gunaratnam,
2000
163
.
•
URBAN SEWERAGE AND EXCRETA MANAGEMENT (USEM)
Regarding urban (or municipal) sewage and excreta management (USEM), this
is believed to be one of the very few subjects (if not the only subject) of environ-
mental engineering technology for which a textbook has been written specifically
for use by DC practitioners (and their IAA counterparts). This textbook,
Appro-
priate Sewerage Technology for Developing Countries
by H. Ludwig et al., was
published in 2006
105
. Its Preface and Table of Contents are as shown in Box 4.2.