Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 2.8
Respiratory Diseases
Disease
a
Communicability (days)
b
Incubation
Period (days)
Chickenpox (v)
- 2 - 6
14 - 21
Coccidioidomycosis (f)
No direct transmission
7 - 28
1
Common cold (v)
1 - 5
2
-3
Diphtheria (b)
14
2 - 5
German (rubella) measles (v)
- 7 - 4
+
14 - 23
Histoplasmosis (f)
No direct transmission
5 - 18
Infectious mononucleosis (v)
Prolonged
28 - 42
Influenza (v)
3
2 - 3
Legionellosis (b)
None
2 - 10
Measles (rubeola) (v)
2 - 4
8 - 13
Meningococcal meningitis (b)
—
2 - 10
Mumps (v)
- 6 - 9
14 - 21
Pertussis (whooping cough) (b)
Inflammation - 21
7 - 10
Plague, pneumonic (b)
During illness
2 - 6
Pneumonia, pneumococcal (b)
—
1 - 3
Poliomyelitis (v)
Days before and after onset
7 - 14
Psittacosis (r)
In illness possibly
4 - 15
Q fever (r)
Transmission rare
14 - 21
Scarlet fever and streptococcal
sore throat (b)
10-21
1-3
Smallpox (v)
c
1-21 7-17
Tuberculosis (b) Extended 28 - 84
a
Abbreviations: b, bacteria; f, fungus; r, rickettsias, airborne; v, virus. For details, see A. S. Benenson,
The Control of Communicable Diseases in Man
, 15th ed., American Public Health Association,
Washington, DC, 1990.
b
Period from onset of symptoms. Onset of symptoms is considered day zero; negative numbers
indicate days prior to clinical manifestation of the disease.
c
Declared by WHO officially “eradicated” in 1978, if no new cases discovered.
TB infection (i.e., carrier state) and yet remain infectious. This compo-
nent also includes public-private partnerships to create new medications
for treatment of tuberculosis.
2.
Address TB/HIV, MDR-TB and other challenges
. Patients with
co-occurring TB and HIV need special attention to ensure that medications
do not interact with each other and that early signs of TB progression
are detected. Addressing the role of TB in special populations is also
important, such as among prisoners and low-income individuals, gender
inequalities, and the implications of air travel.
3.
Contribute to health system strengthening
. National TB prevention pro-
grams must be integrated with other strategies to improve health care
financing and delivery. Sharing of innovations among health care systems
is encouraged, and adoption of new methods to stop TB is promoted.
