Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 2.6
Some Exotic Insectborne Diseases (Not Normally Found in the United
States)
Disease
Incubation Period
Reservoir
Vector
Bartonellosis
Leishmaniasis
16 - 22 days
Man
Sandflies (
Phlebotomus
)
cutaneous Visceral
Days to months
2 - 4 months
Animals, dogs
Man, dogs, cats,
wild rodents
Sandflies (
Phlebotomus
)
Sandflies (
Phlebotomus
)
Loiasis (
Loa loa
)
Years
Man
Chrysops, blood-sucking
flies
Sandfly fever
3 - 4 days
Man, sandfly
Sandfly (
Phlebotomus
)
Relapsing fever
5 - 15 days
Man, ticks, rodents
Lice, crushed in wound;
ticks
Trench fever
7 - 30 days
Man
Lice, crushed in wound
(
Pediculus humanus
)
Source:
Ref. 3.
fever, and pappataci fever. Q fever is also known as nine-mile fever. Febris
recurrens, spirochaetosis, spirillum fever, famine fever, and tick fever are terms
used to designate relapsing fever. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tick fever of the
Rocky Mountains, tick typhus, black fever, and blue disease are the same. Tsut-
sugamushi disease, Japanese river fever, scrub typhus, and miteborne typhus are
used synonymously. Trench fever is also known as five-day fever, Meuse fever,
Wolhynian fever, and skin fever. Plaguelike diseases of rodents, deer-fly fever,
and rabbit fever are some of the other terms used when referring to tularemia.
Other forms of arthropodborne infectious encephalitis in the United States are
the St. Louis type, the Eastern equine type, and the Western equine type; still
other types are known. Nasal myiasis, aural myiasis, ocular myiasis or myi-
ases, cutaneous myiases, and intestinal myiases are different forms of the same
disease. Sleeping sickness, South American sleeping sickness, African sleeping
sickness, Chagas' disease, and trypanosomiasis are similar diseases caused by
different species of trypanosomes. Tick-bite fever is also known as Boutonneuse
fever, Tobia fever, and Marseilles fever; Kenya typhus and South African tick
fever are related. Scabies, “the itch,” and the “seven-year itch” are the same
disease.
Two vectorborne disease involving different types of vectors are detailed below
to give the reader a sense of the different issues that arise in vector management:
malaria and plague.
Malaria
Nearly 40 percent of the world's population lives in regions at risk
for malaria. The World Health Organization estimates that each year 500 million
people become severely ill as a result of malaria.
39
The burden of disease falls
disproportionately on some of the poorest countries, with most deaths due to
malaria occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
