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Table 3.1
Examples of models of stages, steps, or levels of conflict escalation
Glasl
Noll
Cornelius et al.
Hocker and Wilmot
Brahm
0:
Dialogue
1:
Discussion
—hardening
positions
2:
Debate
—polarization
3:
Running over the
other
—own goals
4:
Harassment
—scurrilous
images
5:
Loss of face
6:
Strategical threats
7:
Painful attacks
—cause
damage
8:
Elimination—
attacking
“nerve center”
9:
Together down the
abyss
—annihilation
1. Part of normal, everyday
life. Even good relationships
have
moments of conflict
2. The parties fluctuate
between cooperation and
competition
3.
Concrete action
—no
common solution
4.
Cognitive function
regresses
—know but do not
consider each other's
perspectives
5. Progressive regression
1.
Uncomfortableness
:an
inner, intuitive feeling that
something is going wrong
2.
Incidents:
irritation
3.
Misunderstanding:
communication is deficient
4.
Te n s i o n
negative attitudes.
Consciously or
unconsciously people hurt
each other
5.
Crisis:
repressed emotions
release. Violence can appear
1: A problem to be
solved
2: A difference
3: Confrontation
4: Fight and/or flight
5: Deadly combat
1. No conflict
2. Latent conflict
3. Emergence
4. Escalation
5. (Hurting) Stalemate
6. De-escalation
7. Settlement/ resolution
8. Post-conflict
9. Peace and reconciliation
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