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on, but if one wants to describe what is happening with respect to the concepts
involved in the interaction, one can objectivate a common dynamic “workspace” .
So that when studying how people manipulate concepts in interactions, we need a
notion that allows the description of the operations performed by each individual
intervention at the collective level. We must be able to say, at a given point of the
interaction, whether a concept has been added, modified, refuted, etc. We call this
instance the “conceptual space” of the interaction. 4 Even if this idea raises many
problematic questions that require our attention (what about plurivocity? is this
the only thing happening at the collective level of an interaction?, etc.), we will
treat it as an operative notion that makes the description of the conceptual level
of interactions accessible. I suppose that every concept or conceptual configuration
that will be postulated as describing (a part of) a particular point in the evolution of
an interaction, takes place within its conceptual space.
8.4
The Common Element in Two Conflicting Positions
in a Connective Framework
In this section, we shall study a strategy set up in replies within conflicting interac-
tions. This strategy involves a conceptual operation that is defined as reframing .
Generally speaking, reframing consists in reinterpreting the opponent's point of
view, by modifying its frame , i.e. the concept that gives the key to the interpretation
of the particular point of view. We describe two different kinds of reframing. If we
call A the speaker to which the reply is addressed and B the one who addresses the
reply, we could schematise the two kinds as follows:
B reframes A's position:
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By respecting the frame that A proposed (internal reframing) (Sect. 8.4.1 )
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By proposing a higher level frame (external reframing). Two different cases
of external reframing are considered (Sect. 8.4.2 ).
8.4.1
Internal Reframing
Let us now begin the connective analysis of the excerpt from the debate between
Royal and Sarkozy. First of all, we make a connective interpretation of what Royal
4 Some of the terms that are used here to refer to technical notions (like “conceptual space”,
“frame”, “reframing” ::: ) are already in use to refer to notions that are not comparable to those
defined here, mainly because they do not describe what is going on in a shared space but in
individual minds. One of the most used meanings of the term “conceptual spaces” comes from the
cognitive theory presented in (Gärdenfors 1995 ). For a good account on the cognitive conception
on “frames” and “reframing”, cf. (Kaufman et al. 2003 ).
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