The Use of Plants in Vector Control - Biological and Environmental Control of Disease Vectors - page 44

Table 4.1. Plant extracts with larvicidal effi cacy similar to current gold standard larvicide temephos.
Plant family Plant species Extract Effi cacy Mosquito species Reference

Piperaceae
(pepper
family)

Piper nigrum
(black
pepper)

Fruit methanol
extract (48 h
exposure)

Pellitorine LC 100 = 0.86
ppm
Guineensine LC 100 = 0.17
ppm
Pipercide LC 100 = 0.004
ppm
Retrofractamide A LC 100 =
0.028 ppm

Culex pipiens
pallens

Park et al ., 2002

Pellitorine LC 100 = 0.92
ppm
Guineensine LC 100 = 0.89
ppm
Pipercide LC 100 = 0.1 ppm
Retrofractamide A LC 100 =
0.039 ppm

Stegomyia
aegypti

Piper longum
(long
pepper)

Fruit hexane
fraction

Piperonaline LC 50 = 0.21
ppm

Culex pipiens
pallens

Lee, 2000

Piperonaline LC 50 = 0.25
ppm

Stegomyia
aegypti

Yang et al ., 2002

Anacardiaceae
(cashew or
sumac
family)

Anacardium
occidentale
(cashew)

Hexane
extraction

Cardol LC 50 = 5.55 ± 0.07
ppm
LC 90 = 10.22 ± 0.02

Stegomyia
aegypti

Costa Oliveira et
al ., 2011

Technical Cardol LC 50 = 14.20 ± 0.62

ppm

Stegomyia
aegypti

Lomonaco et al .,
2009

Oil LC 50 = 0.0 145 (0.0087-

0.021) ppm
LC 90 = 0.0 48 (0.032-0.091)
ppm

Stegomyia
aegypti

de Mendonça et
al ., 2005

Juglandaceae
(walnut
family)

Synthetic
derivatives
of juglone

2-Bromo-5-hydroxy 1,4
napthoquinone
LC 50 = 1.391 (1.220-1.690)
ppm
LC 90 = 2.501 (1.982-3.718)
ppm

Stegomyia
aegypti
(temephos
resistant)

Ribeiro et al .,
2009

2-Bromo-5-acetoxy 1,4
napthoquinone
LC 50 = 1.170 (0.891-1.451)
ppm
LC 90 = 4.550 (3.636-6.078)
ppm
3-Bromo-5-hydroxy 1,4
napthoquinone
LC 50 = 0.873 (0.807-0.955)
ppm
LC 90 = 1.417 (1.242-1.739)
ppm
Compared to temephos:
LC 50 = 1.499 (1.058-1.936)
ppm
LC 90 = 4.799 (3.567-7.773)
ppm