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Fig. 12.3 The NO
3
removal rates of three different nano-iron particles (An et al.
2010
)
Fig. 12.4 Changes in the concentrations of (a)NO
3
,(b)NO
2
,(c)NH
4
+
, and (d) bacteria
contents in the composite systems composed of bimetallic nano-materials and denitrifying bacteria
(An et al.
2010
)
the chemical reduction process, in which nitrate converted into ammonium. How-
ever, despite the accelerated denitrification rate, the enhanced toxicity of the nitro-
gen products resulting from the introduction of Ni limits its use in the denitrification
process.