Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
(BlueMoonGoods
, LLC, USA), Oso Fresh food storage containers and Nano
Silver NS-315 Water Bottle (A-DO Global, Korea), FresherLonger
miracle food
plastic storage bags (Sharper Image ® ,
USA), Nano Silver Storage Box (Baoxianhe) (Quan Zhou Hu Zheng Nano Tech-
nology Co., Ltd. ® , China), Nano Silver Baby Mug Cup (Baby Dream ® Co., Ltd.,
Korea), and Nano Silver Salad Bowl (Changmin Chemicals, Korea). Companies
like Daewoo (Korea) and Samsung (Korea) have in the market refrigerators with
nanosilver embedded in the walls, and Haier YuHang (China) claims to have
nanotechnology (iron nanoparticles) as insulating material in their refrigerators.
Other commercially available products like the Nano Plastic Wrap from SongSing
Nano Technology Co., Ltd. (Taiwan), claim the presence of zinc oxide
nanoparticles with anti-mold properties that also help improving the material
properties.
storage containers and FresherLonger
Carbon Nanomaterials Since 2004 the black-coated aluminum foil from Toppits
(Melitta, Germany) is in the market. In this product, they claim to have carbon
nanoparticles embedded in a glass matrix. This helps reducing the cooking time up
to a 30 % by reaching 100 C higher temperatures than their normal product.
7.5 Migration of Nanomaterials from Food Packaging
One of the safety concerns arisen from the use of nanocomposites for food pack-
aging applications is the possible migration of the nanomaterials from the packag-
ing to the food and their ingest by consumers or the release of those nanomaterials
to the environment during washing or once they are discarded.
There is a theoretical study (Simon et al. 2008 ) on the potential migration of
ENPs from packaging to food, where they evaluated the average distance traveled
by nanoparticles inside a polymer matrix. Both the physicochemical properties of
ENPs and polymers were taken into account. According to their results, only very
small ENPs, with a radius around 1 nm, would be able to migrate through polymer
matrices with low dynamic viscosity and no interaction with the nanoparticles. This
would be the case of polyolefins (polypropylene and low- and high-density poly-
ethylene) with silver nanocomposites. In the case of bigger ENPs or polymer
matrices with higher dynamic viscosity like polyethylene terephthalate or polyeth-
ylene, no appreciable migration was predicted. Nevertheless, this study focused on
the migration of the nanoparticles through the polymer, but didn
t take into account
the materials in which the nanoparticles are coating the polymer or nanocomposites
with the nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in the polymer, including the
surface in contact with the food or beverage.
Different authors have since then studied the migration of silver from commer-
cially available food containers to various food simulants. Song et al. ( 2011 )
described the migration of ionic silver from polyethylene nanocomposite; migra-
tion of silver nanoparticles (seen by SEM-EDX) was found by Huang et al. ( 2011 )
'
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