Thermal Sprayed Bioceramic Coatings: Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-Based Composites - Biological and Biomedical Coatings: Processing and Characterization - page 190

by which the true biological performance of implantable biomaterials can be determined.
Nevertheless, the only valid subject for study is the human being. Although the informa-
tion device function (and biological performance of the materials involved) in patients
is insufficient yet, there are opportunities for examination of these issues during device
retrieval, either subsequent to clinical failure or at autopsy. HA-coated implants have
shown their capability of fast bone ingrowth. However, the strongest argument against
the routine use of HA-coated implants is the general lack of long-term documentation on
HA-coated implant survival, as well as the lack of well-characterized coatings prior to
use. In addition, large degrees of variability between studies, involving the definition and
length of implant survival/success, implant case and the site selection, surgeon experi-
ence, surgical protocols, postoperative regimens, and prosthetic restoration, make direct
interstudy comparisons problematic. Future research might cover the issues addressing
the problems experienced by the current coated implants. Chemistry and properties are
the major concerns for material scientists for biomaterials research. It is anticipated that the
well-established theory among processing, micro-/nanostructures, and properties of the
HA-based bioceramic coatings for medical applications would give significant insight into
the research in thermal sprayed HA-based bioceramic coatings, and in turn would facili-
tate the final purpose of the research (i.e., medical application for human beings).
References
Ahmed, R. and Hadfield, M. 1997. Wear of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)-coated cones in rolling
contact. Wear. 203-204: 98-106.
Albee, F.H. 1920. Studies in bone growth: Triple calcium phosphate as a stimulus to osteogenesis.
Ann. Surg. 71: 32-39.
Antolottin, N., Bertini, S., and Fanara, C. 1998. Interface characterization of different apatite coatings.
In Thermal Spray: Meeting the Challenges of the 21th Century, Proceedings of the 15th International
Thermal Spray Conference , Nice, France, May 1998, pp. 1121-1126.
Aoki, H. 1994. Medical Applications of Hydroxyapatite. Ishiyaku EuroAmerica, Inc., Tokyo, St. Louis.
Ashroff, S., Napper, S.A., Hale, P.N., Siriwardane, U., and Mukherjee, D.P. 1996. Stability of hydroxy-
apatite coating of different crystallinities on a titanium alloy implant material after cyclic
fatigue. Proc. of 15th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conf., pp. 14-17.
Bagambisa, F.B., Joos, U., and Schilli, W. 1993. Mechanisms and structure of the bond between bone
and hydroxyapatite ceramics. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 27: 1047-1055.
Bansal, P., Padture, N.P., and Vasiliev, A. 2003. Improved interfacial mechanical properties of Al 2 O 3 -
13wt%TiO 2 plasma-sprayed coatings derived from nanocrystalline powders. Acta Mater. 51:
2959-2970.
Belmonte, M.M., de Benedittis, A., Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Mengucci, P., Biagini, G., Gandolfi, M.G.,
Zucchini, C., Krajewski, A., Ravaglioli, A., Roncari, E., Fini, M., and Giardino, R. 1998. Bioactivity
modulation of bioactive materials in view of their application in osteoporotic patients. J. Mater.
Sci.: Mater. Med. 9: 485-492.
Bertagnolli, M., Marchese, M., and Jacucci, G. 1995. Modeling of particles impacting on a rigid sub-
strate under plasma spraying conditions. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 4: 41-49.
Bertagnolli, M., Marchese, M., Jacucci, G., St. Doltsinis, I., and Noelting, S. 1997. Thermomechanical
simulation of the splashing of ceramic droplets on a rigid substrate. J. Comput. Phys. 133:
205-221.
Beshish, G.K., Florey, C.W., Worzala, F.J., and Lenling, W.J. 1993. Fracture toughness fo thermal spray
ceramic coatings determined by the indentation technique. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 2: 35-38.