Thermal Sprayed Bioceramic Coatings: Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-Based Composites - Biological and Biomedical Coatings: Processing and Characterization - page 149

(a) (b)

20 kV ×1,500 10 µm 15 44 1 1 Pa −81 3.0 kV 2.0 mm ×300k SE(U) 06/10/0 100 nm

(c)

(d)

20 kV ×4, 000 5 µm 15 44 11 Pa

20 kV ×1,500 10 µm 15 44 1 1 Pa

FIGURE 4.7
Slurry-spray-dry approach for fabrication of HA/titania composite powder. (a) Topographical morphology of
the nanostructured titania particles showing particle size range of 1-15 µm. (b) Typical cross-sectional view of
the titania particles showing the nanostructural feature with the grain sizes of 20-30 nm, (c) surface view, and
(d) cross-sectional view of the HA/titania composite powder. (From Li et al., Therm. Spray Technol ., 15, 610-616,
2006. With permission.)

20 kV ×20,000 1 µm 14 11 64

FIGURE 4.8
SEM micrographs of ultrafine ZrO 2 /HA composite powders (40 wt.% ZrO 2 /HA) showing general morphology
of HA with embedded ZrO 2 nanoparticles (spherical). (From Kumar et al., Biomaterials , 24, 2611-2621, 2003. With
permission.)