Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
Bone-LikeMineralandOrganically
Modiied
Bone-LikeMineralCoatings
JananiRamaswamy,HarshaRamaraju,andDavidH.Kohn
CONTENTS
Introduction: Cell-Matrix Interactions ........................................................................................ 1
Engineering Cellular Microenvironments................................................................................... 2
Cellular and Matrix Components of Bone.............................................................................. 3
Engineering Biomaterial Surfaces............................................................................................ 5
Biomimetic Precipitation of Mineral ............................................................................................ 8
Metals ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Ceramics .................................................................................................................................... 14
Polymers .................................................................................................................................... 15
Organic/Inorganic Hybrids ........................................................................................................ 16
Adsorption of Proteins to BLM Surfaces .............................................................................. 17
Surface Adsorption of Peptides to BLM to Enhance Cellular Attachment...................... 19
Adsorption of DNA to Mineral .............................................................................................. 21
Coprecipitation of Proteins and Mineral ............................................................................. 21
Effect of Protein Addition on BLM Formation ................................................................ 22
Applications of Protein Coprecipitation in Bone Tissue Engineering ......................... 23
Coprecipitation of DNA and Mineral.................................................................................... 24
Drawbacks of Using BLM ............................................................................................................ 26
Conclusions.................................................................................................................................... 26
References....................................................................................................................................... 27
Introduction:Cell-MatrixInteractions
Cells interact with their environment, namely, the extracellular matrix (ECM), continu-
ously at each stage of cellular life from embryonic development until death. The ECM is
an interconnected network consisting primarily of different types of collagens, proteogly-
cans, and matricellular proteins, such as fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin, and in some
tissues inorganic mineral (Plopper 2007). This complex matrix is secreted by the cells and
serves as a specialized niche microenvironment, providing the specific cues necessary to
control the function of each tissue type. The cells respond to these cues by altering their
biological activity and, in turn, remodeling their surrounding ECM to reflect this altered
activity, resulting in a well-orchestrated feedback system. For instance, the cells in bone
(osteoblasts) produce a mineralized matrix during development and form the mature bone
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