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Soft Entrainment: Co-emergence
of Maai and Entrainment
by Rhythm Controller
Shiroh Itai and Yoshiyuki Miwa
Abstract To realize improvisational communication in inde ! nite conditions,
sharing mutual positioning (relationships) ahead of time is important because each
player determines his current play based on projecting mutual positioning. To share
such a positioning with others, one has to share the subjective time and space where
each person is positioned. In Japan, people express such a subjective time and space
through each other's bodies as the “Maai.” We believe that we have studied Maai
by making humans express their mental and physical functions in the interface for
operating an avatar in virtual space. We describe experimental results using a
rhythm controller developed for examining the relationship between Maai and
entrainment. We concretely show that when Maai is co-created, entrainment in
multiple cycles occurs in subconscious bodily action or in the rhythm controller
waveform that precedes the purposive action (avatar motion). We also show that
humans realize the co-emergence of the improvisational Maai by changing the
controller operational method depending on the situation. Furthermore, we explain
that entrainment in multiple cycles a soft entrainment.
1 Introduction
How can we realize improvisational communication in inde ! nite conditions such as
that in football? To pass the ball correctly in football, sharing mutual positioning
(relationships) ahead of time is important because each player determines his
current play based on projecting mutual positioning. In other words, sharing of
S. Itai ( & ) Y. Miwa
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
e-mail: itai@fuji.waseda.jp
Y. Miwa
e-mail: miwa@waseda.jp
 
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