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Fig. 9 Sequential engineering
Such widely applicable technology will bring us not only expectation-satisfaction,
but also remarkable increase of productivity. Then, how can we make our industry
more fl flexible and adaptive enough to respond to the quickly increasing diversi ! ca-
tion of customer expectations.
4 Expectation-Driven Industry
4.1 Sequential Engineering
Our hardware products used to be developed sequentially as shown in Fig. 9 ,
because they are physical and it was thought to be dif ! cult to process them in
another way.
4.2 Concurrent Engineering
Concurrent Engineering (CE) [ 4 ] was proposed to reduce time to market, in other
words, to increase productivity. The great success of CE is attributed to its way of
thinking. CE noted nonphysical nature of knowledge. What CE solved is a packing
problem. If we regard all processes as physical objects, then we cannot pack them in
a smaller box. But if we note processes are composed of physical and nonphysical
elements, then we can share nonphysical elements and can pack them in a smaller
box (Fig. 10 ).
Fig. 10 Concurrent
engineering as a packaging
problem
 
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