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Fig. 2 Hardware
development
Degradation
Design Function
Restore
Production
Maintenance
in Use
Shipping
Time
They provide basic functions to customers ! rst and when customers get used to
it and when they feel con ! dent, then they upgrade the system one step higher. So
the functions of software grow with time (Fig. 3 ) .
What distinguishes software development from hardware are:
(1) Software development is focusing on operations, while hardware is focusing
primary attention on production.
(2) Software development is customer-focused or user-focused so that develop-
ment system is a closed-loop system with feedback.
Hardware development is producer-focused so that it is an open loop system
without any feedback.
Fig. 3 Software development
Customizing
function
Use
Shipping
Time
 
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