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referred to (e.g., interviews and debriefings) at a specific moment, reflecting on the
presence and meaning of the theme given the activity. We also looked at themes
throughout the program (see Tables 1 and 3). We did this querying simultaneously the
different sources of data produced by each participant, using NVivo's matrix coding
query tool, and gaining access to the patterns of data in this double sense -
longitudinal and cross sectional. We consider the dynamics of themes and subthemes,
that is, their presence and absence, increments and reductions throughout the
semester. The use of NVivo's collections/sets enabled querying and thinking about
groups of participants at each moment of the program and over time, exploring the
data produced at a specific moment and/or year. Without these tools' the
identification of patterns would be slower and more difficult.
For instance, when trying to see if the data supported our second work proposition
we ran a
matrix coding
selecting only the
nodes
(categories) that coded the data
associated with the concepts underlying the proposition. The deactivation of fear
system was associated primarily with three subcategories of dissatisfaction; as the
activation of the exploratory system was associated primarily with two subcategories
of satisfaction (see Table 3). Nonetheless the exploration of the proposition required
considering the expression of these subcategories altogether. We used
sets
to consider
different moments of the program at both years under study, to see if the changes in
the program's design had an impact on the results.
Table 3.
Participants coded on the nodes that enable exploring P2 (n
2010/2011
=30; n
2011/2012
=30)
Year of the program
2010-2011
2011-2012
Moments
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5
Dissatisfactions
Punitive attributions
18
16
9
17
9
22
10
20
8
4
24
7
Without dissatisfactions
2
6
2
1
5
2
7
1
5
9
0
11
Normalizing
dissatisfaction
4
2
2
1
1
2
3
4
2
1
1
4
Satisfactions
Learning source 2 10 5 0 14 1 18 0 19 2 2 12
Undo negative predictions 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
Self-fulfilment 0 7 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 2
2010-2011: M1=1
st
interview; M2=1
st
debriefing; M3=lecture; M4=2
nd
interview;
M5=2
nd
debriefing; M6=3
rd
interview; M7=3
rd
debriefing. 2011-2012: M1=1
st
interview; M2=1
st
debriefing; M3=lecture; M4=2
nd
interview; M5=2
nd
debriefing.
The query presented the number of participants per year coded on the selected
themes considering each activity (e.g., 1
st
interview). We were specially focused on
the expression of participants coded at each category before and after the debriefings
(i.e., 2010/2011: m2, m5; m7; 2011/2012: m2; m5), since we were looking to see if
the debriefing impacted the participants' experience. When combining the patterns
expressed in the data we could see that after the interviews participants expressed
insecurity and negative self-appraisals (
punitive attributions
), demonstrating that their
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