Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
(ii)
The effects of future urban expansion on average monthly temperature will
vary from month to month and become more and more obvious in not only
original and new urban area but also nonurban area. The warming effect of
future urban expansion in original and new urban area will be more sig-
nificant in summer than in winter, and there will be a cooling effect in
winter in original urban area.
(iii)
The effects of future urban expansion on average monthly precipitation will
be significant in new urban area. The drought effect in new urban area will
weaken along with urban expansion. The nonurban areas where influenced
by urban expansion on precipitation will be larger in summer than winter
and will increase with urban expansion.
(iv)
The rules of how urban expansion in the metropolis influences the climate
differ from those in a single city. A large-scale study on the impacts of
urban expansion on climate helps to understand the integrated effect of
combination and interaction of multiple cities and their surroundings. This
integrated effect may crucially determine the climate patterns.
7.6 Summary
In this chapter, we have five case studies based upon WRF model from a global
perspective, which shows that the method introduced in this topic is not only
suitable for study in China, but also can be applied to other countries in the world.
In the case study, the impacts of cultivated land reclamation on the future
climate change in India were analyzed by forecasting the future cultivated land
reclamation and its related changes of energy flux and temperature in summer and
winter. The results show that under the future situation of increasing food demand,
reclamation of cultivated land in India will lead to a large amount of land con-
version. These types of land conversion will overall result in increase of latent heat
and decrease of sensible heat flux, which will eventually reduce the regional
average temperature. Furthermore, this impact on climate change is seasonally
different, i.e., reclamation of cultivated land mainly decreases the temperature in
the summer, while increases the temperature in the winter.
In the second case study, the regional temperature variation induced by future
boreal deforestation in European Russia was simulated based on future land cover
change and WRF model. The results indicated that WRF model has good ability to
simulate the temperature change in European Russia. The land cover change in
European Russia, which was characterized by the conversion from boreal forests to
croplands in the future 100 years, will lead to significant change of the near-
surface temperature. Generally, the regional annual temperature will decrease by
0.58 C in future 100 years. Though the boreal deforestation will reduce the
evapotranspiration, the increase of surface albedo caused by the snow masking
