Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
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3
30
2
25
20
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15
10
0
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0
-1
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Observed Value
Simulated Value
Observed Value-Simulated Value
Fig. 7.2 Simulated and observed values of the monthly average near-surface temperatures in
India for the year of 2010The spatial pattern of the annual daily average temperature indicates
that the simulated and observed temperatures are both higher in the south part and lower in the
north part, higher in the mountainous area and lower in the plain at the same latitude, and that of
inland is warmer than the coastal area. For example, the temperature in Madural City (south) is
20.5 C higher than that of Ludhiana (north); while it is 15.5 C higher in Bangalore City
(mountain area) than that of the Chenni City (plain). Meantime, the temperature in Hyderabad
City in the inland is 2.4 C higher than that in Visakhapatnam City in the coastal area (Table
7.2
)
The difference between the simulated and observed data in the spring and autumn
is 1.89C and 1.77 C, respectively, and it is relatively small in the summer and
winter, only reaching 0.95 C.
In summary, WRF model has a high ability to simulate the temperature in India
at different temporal and spatial scales with accepted tolerance. The simulated
results is a little bit lower than the observations, and the spatial pattern indicates
that there is no significant difference between the simulated and observed values in
most regions.
7.1.2.3 Possible Impacts of the Cultivated Land Reclamation
on the Energy Flux
The reclamation of cultivated land in study area may lead to significant change of
the energy flux, which might augment the temperature variation through the land-
atmosphere interaction and the atmospheric circulation. Table
7.3
shows the
simulated monthly and annual differences of latent heat flux and sensible heat flux
between 2010 and 2050. These differences are caused by the reclamation of cul-
tivated land (Deng et al.
2013
; Liu and Deng
2011
). The result shows that the
cultivated land reclamation will induce the increase of the latent heat flux increases
(0.84 W/m
2
) and decrease of the sensible heat flux (1.03 W/m
2
).
The simulation result indicates that there is obvious seasonal fluctuation of heat
fluxes (Table
7.3
). For example, on average, the latent heat flux in the monsoon
