Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.1
Description of the experimental design
Test
Test period
Forcing data
Land cover data in WRF model
Control test
2010-2050
2010-2050
Land cover data of 2010
Prediction test tetest
2010-2050
2010-2050
Land cover data of 2050
Table 7.2 The simulated and observed values of the annual average near-surface temperature
(C) in India for the year of 2010
City Coordinates Location Observed Simulated Difference
Ludhiana (31.05 N,77.34E) North 14.2 13.0 -1.2
Madural (10.19 N,79.23E) South 35.0 33.5 -1.5
Chenni (14.05 N,80.29E) Plain 16.6 17.4 0.8
Bangalore (13.92 N,77.12E) Mountainous area 33.2 32.9 -0.3
Visakhapatnam (18.90 N,83.28E) Coastal area 30.9 30.3 -0.6
Hyderabad (18.23 N,78.27E) Inland 32.8 32.7 -0.1
Note The historical data is collected from http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm
7.1.1.2 Data
There are two sets of tests included in the experimental design, one is the control
test and the other is the prediction test (Table 7.1 ). The land cover data in 2010 and
the predicted land cover data in 2050, both in the classification of US Geological
Survey (USGS), were used as the underlying land surface data in the control test
and prediction test, respectively. The land cover data in 2010 were obtained from
the National Basic Research Program of China, and the land cover data in 2050 is
projected based on the work of the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) modeling
team at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. The reason
why we choose RCP6.0 scenario is that it is a stabilization scenario where total
radiative forcing is stable after 2100 without overshoot by employment of a range
of technologies and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (Fujino et al.
2006 ). Only the underlying cultivated land is highly concerned to focus on the
research purpose in which the reclamation's effects would be modeled.
7.1.2 Results
7.1.2.1 Cultivated Land Changes in India
2Cultivated land is widely distributed in India, and the total area of the cultivated
land and pasture reaches around 2.07 million km 2 , accounting for 73.03 % of the
study area. There are mainly four kinds of cultivated land in India according to the
USGS classification, i.e., the dryland cropland and pasture, irrigated cropland and
pasture, cropland/grassland mosaic, and cropland/woodland mosaic. The dryland
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