Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 6.4 Projected summer precipitation difference of monthly average temperature between
control test and sensitivity testin Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Metropolitan area, 2030-2040
C
ð
H
Þ
o
H
ot
¼
o
K
t
ð
H
Þ
o
T
ot
oz
where T is soil layer temperature; H refers to soil water content; C means specific
heat of soil layer; K
t
is thermal conduction system.
There will be much more population in new cities, which will need and con-
sume a lot of heat/power due to their activities (transportation, air conditioning,
industries), thus exerting significant impacts on the balance of surface energy. It
has been reported that surface temperature is determined by radiation flux, sensible
heat flux, latent heat flux, specific heat of soil layer, and thermal conduction
system, while surface temperature also affects sensible heat flux and latent heat
flux (Miglietta et al.
2009
). In urbanized area surface temperature, which magnifies
sensible heat flux and soil heat flux, will rise due to the increase of net surface
shortwave radiation and decrease of latent heat flux. All these changes along with
the increase of human-induced heat emission will lead to temperature increase.
Urban expansion has significant impacts on precipitation in summer during
2030-2040 in the study area (Fig.
6.4
). In general, there is an obvious heterogeneity
of local precipitation change, and there will be some precipitation increase in urban
areas, which may be due to the extended urban boundary and increased secondary
