Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
54
54
40
40
44
44
38
38
34
34
36
36
24
24
14
14
34
34
4
4
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
(c)
(d)
54
40
54
40
44
44
38
38
34
34
36
36
24
24
14
14
34
34
4
4
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
Fig. 5.7 Latent heat flux changes under different scenarios in 2030 and 2050 in the semi-arid
grassland area of China (W/m
2
) a REG scenario in 2030, b CES scenario in 2030, c REG scenario
in 2050, d CES scenario in 2050
are mostly covered by grassland, shrubland, cropland, and pasture. Actually, the
forestry area also has higher latent heat flux; however, it has no obvious effects on
energy flux since the forestry area in the study area is extremely small.
The annual average latent heat flux in the semiarid grassland area of China will
not change obviously from 2010 to 2050, with only 3.2 W/m
2
increment. How-
ever, there will be various climate effects in different areas from 2010 to 2050
(Fig.
5.7
). Due to the impacts of the Green for Grain project, the latent heat flux
will increase in the middle part of Shanxi Province, southern part of Ningxia
Province, southern and southeast part of Gansu Province, with the increment
ranging from 1.2 to 20.4 W/m
2
. The grassland degradation could lead to the
decrease of latent heat flux in the middle part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region, north of Ningxia Province, northwest of Shaanxi Province because of the
conversion from grassland to barren or sparsely vegetated land, with a decrease of
3.2 W/m
2
(Fig.
5.7
).
To predict the energy balance in the future, this study simulates the energy flux
under two scenarios. The results illustrate that the latent heat flux under the CES
scenario is higher than that of under the REG scenario due to the fact that more
ecological constructions are conducted under the CES scenario, which will pro-
duce more latent heat flux. It can be seen from the Fig.
5.7
that the two scenarios
have
similar
spatial
distribution
of
latent
heat
flux,
but
there
are
regional
