Infinite Impulse Response Filter Design - Digital Signal Processing: Fundamentals and Applications - page 301

CHAPTER

8

Infinite Impulse Response
Filter Design

CHAPTER OUTLINE

8.1 Infinite Impulse Response Filter Format ......................................................................................... 302
8.2 Bilinear Transformation Design Method.......................................................................................... 303
8.2.1 Analog Filters Using Lowpass Prototype Transformation ................................................304
8.2.2 Bilinear Transformation and Frequency Warping...........................................................308
8.2.3 Bilinear Transformation Design Procedure ...................................................................314
8.3 Digital Butterworth and Chebyshev Filter Designs ........................................................................... 318
8.3.1 Lowpass Prototype Function and Its Order ...................................................................318
8.3.2 Lowpass and Highpass Filter Design Examples.............................................................322
8.3.3 Bandpass and Bandstop Filter Design Examples...........................................................331
8.4 Higher-Order Infinite Impulse Response Filter Design Using the Cascade Method ............................. 338
8.5 Application: Digital Audio Equalizer .............................................................................................. 341
8.6 Impulse-Invariant Design Method .................................................................................................. 345
8.7 Pole-Zero Placement Method for Simple Infinite Impulse Response Filters ....................................... 351
8.7.1 Second-Order Bandpass Filter Design..........................................................................352
8.7.2 Second-Order Bandstop (Notch) Filter Design ..............................................................354
8.7.3 First-Order Lowpass Filter Design................................................................................355
8.7.4 First-Order Highpass Filter Design...............................................................................357
8.8 Realization Structures of Infinite Impulse Response Filters ............................................................. 358
8.8.1 Realization of Infinite Impulse Response Filters in Direct-Form I and Direct-Form II .......358
8.8.2 Realization of Higher-Order Infinite Impulse Response Filters via the Cascade Form........361
8.9 Application: 60-Hz Hum Eliminator and Heart Rate Detection Using Electrocardiography .................. 362
8.10 Coefficient Accuracy Effects on Infinite Impulse Response Filters .................................................. 369
8.11 Application: Generation and Detection of DTMF Tones Using the Goertzel Algorithm ....................... 373
8.11.1 Single-Tone Generator............................................................................................374
8.11.2 Dual-Tone Multifrequency Tone Generator ...............................................................375
8.11.3 Goertzel Algorithm.................................................................................................377
8.11.4 Dual-Tone Multifrequency Tone Detection Using the Modified Goertzel Algorithm .......383
8.12 Summary of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Design Procedures and Selection of the IIR Filter
Design Methods in Practice ................................................................................................................. 388
8.13 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 391