Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
0
100
0
100
25 ˚C
25 ˚C
L
L
LC
LC
0
0
100
100
100
0
0
100
11
22
Figure 5.1
Phase diagram for the three-component water-surfactant-decanol
system. Reproduced with permission from M. Persson, P. Stenius, G. Strom, L.
Odberg, I. Oimgren,
Journal of Physical Chemistry
, 1980,
84
, 1557.
©1980,
American Chemical Society [61]
Jiang and co-workers [62] reported that critical aggregation numbers of micelles
(N) of rosin-modified quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants (C25-C27) were
determined by a steady-state fluorescence probe method. The results showed that N
increased linearly with the increase of the surfactant concentration in a range of 5-15
times CMC and critical aggregation numbers of micelle (Nm) can be extrapolated
from the N—C curve, which were 10, 19, and 20 for C25, C26 and C27 respectively.
5.4 Applications
5.4.1 Paper Sizing and the Rubber Industry
Rosin acids are tacky solids at room temperature. Saponify the rosin by addition
of base so that it becomes soluble in water and it then can be added effectively to a
paper machine. Different industries use gum rosin in varying amounts as is indicated
in
Figure 5.2
. Soap production, paper making and the synthetic rubber industry
consume large amounts of rosin [63].
