Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Polyesters
. Maleopimaric anhydride (
1
) and acrylopimaric acid (
2
) are two
difunctional compounds which can be synthesised through Diels-Alder reactions of
levopimaric acid with MA and acrylic acid (AA) respectively.
1
in some cases can
be used as a substitute for trimellitic anhydride and phthalic anhydride due to the
similar chemical structure and properties. These resin acid derivatives have been used
to prepare polyester resins with increased rigidity and stiffness as well as water and
heat resistance [17, 31, 61, 69-72].
Polyamides and polyimides
.
1
can be used as a trifunctional compound to synthesise
polyimides [17, 73].
2
can also be used as a diacid to synthesise polyamides by
reaction with a diamine [74]. The rosin-based polyamides are more thermally stable
than polyesters.
Polyamide-imides
.
Polyamide-imides have excellent heat resistance, radiation
resistance and insulation properties. Most polymerisation involves the use of
1
with
a diamine [29, 38, 62, 75, 76].
Polyester polyols
. These polymers can be prepared by condensation reactions
between
1
and diols [77, 78]. Many of these polymers can be further converted into
polyurethane foam through reaction with isocyanate [79-81].
Epoxy resin
.
Rosin-based imide-diacid can be used as an epoxy curing agent to
prepare epoxy resin [64].
Polymers with diabietyl ketone structure
:
Rosin-based polymers with diabietyl ketone
structures can be prepared by a novel monomer, diabietyl ketone and its derivatives,
which can be prepared by dehydrocarboxylation of AbA in the
presence of catalysts
[32, 63, 82-85].
