Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
5 0
are Ear
4 5
4 0
P
M
3 5
3 0
ermanium
o ium
Ma ne ium
2 5
allium
n imony
ndium
2 0
un en
x
x
luor parn
ary e
1 5
erylium
rap i e
an alum
o al
1 0
*
x
Ma ne i e
romium
-
i ium
enium
x
x
anadium
ora e
ime one
Silica
opper
ellurium
ron
Moly denum
Man ane e
0 5
Moly denum
yp um
-
Sil er
eld par
Dia omi e
Perli e
en oni e
+
x
nc
-
-
x
ic el
luminum
x
alc
lay
enium
au i e
i anium
0 0
3 0
4 0
6 0
0
0
1 0
5 0
0
Economic mpor ance
Fig. 1.5 Critical raw materials for the EU (2010) as a function of the risk of supply shortage and
its economic importance for the EU. The 14 critical materials appear in the upper right quadrant.
Redrawn from EC (2010)
Following this report, the EU Joint Research Center (JRC) further analysed
which critical materials could threaten the objectives of the EU's Strategic Energy
Technology Plan
22
(SET Plan) (Moss et al., 2012).
Accordingly, the JRC studied 60 metals needed for the deployment of low carbon
technologies as required in the SET-Plan. Some 14 metals whose demand between
2020 and 2030 would imply more than 1% of the 2010 annual world production
rate were identified
23
(see Fig. 1.6). The study also analysed the potential risk of a
supply shortage of the 14 metals deemed critical as shown in Fig. 1.5. It was found
that tellurium, indium, tin, hafnium, silver, dysprosium, gallium and neodymium
have high risks of bottleneck supply (with a demand of
∼
4% or more of the 2010
annual world production rate).
The US Department of Energy, meanwhile, in its “Critical Materials Strategy”
report (DOE, 2011) also undertook a criticality analysis for clean energy supply
in the short (2015) to medium t
erm (2025). The clean technologies studied were
22
The SET plan aims to make low-carbon technologies affordable and competitive through a
set of European Industrial Initiatives with specific targets by 2020-2030 in the deployment of
new emerging energy technologies. The plan includes industrial initiatives in bioenergy;
CO
2
capture, transport and storage; smart grids; fuel cells and hydrogen; sustainable nuclear; energy
e
ciency and smart cities; solar and wind farms.
http
:
//ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/
set
_
plan/set
_
plan
_
en.htm
, Accessed Aug. 2012.
23
This study strictly adheres to the direct SET-Plan Industrial Initiatives which do not include
demand for batteries in electric or hybrid vehicles, nor energy saving in lighting, or any other
indirect effects like increases in demand for ICT or for fertilisers in bioenergy.
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