Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 13.3: The worldwide depletion of the exergy reservoir of the main mineral
commodities. - continued from previous page.
B
,
ktoe/yr
(1900-
2008)
B
,
ktoe/yr
(1996-
2008)
B
,
ktoe
(1900-
2008)
Substance
reported
by USGS
Mineral
ore
P,
tonnes
(1900-
2008)
% R
loss
R/P,
yrs
Hafnium
Hf in Zn
ores
2.03E+07 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3.4
2153
Helium
He in
natural gas
7.85E+05 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Indium
In in Zn, Pb
and Cu
sulfides
6.94E+03 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
38.7
19
Iodine
I in brines
6.55E+05 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4.2
566
Iron ore
Hematite
5.71E+10 2.49E+07 2.28E+05 5.90E+05 26.3
72
Lead
Galena
2.17E+08 1.95E+05 1.79E+03 2.92E+03 73.3
21
Limestone
Calcite
6.17E+09 3.96E+05 3.64E+03 1.26E+04 N.A.
N.A.
Lithium
Li in brines
7.62E+06 1.02E+05 9.36E+02 3.55E+03 43.5
N.A.
Magnesite
3.80E+08 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Magnesium
Manganese
Pyrolusite
5.23E+08 2.01E+05 1.84E+03 3.53E+03 49.2
41
Mercury
Cinnabar
5.47E+05 3.80E+05 3.49E+03 1.12E+03 89.1
51
Molybdenum Molybdenite
5.62E+06 1.25E+05 1.15E+03 3.45E+03 39.3
40
Nickel -
laterites
Garnierite
2.87E+07 1.18E+05 1.08E+03 3.32E+03 40.2
45
Nickel -
sulphides
Pentlandite
1.91E+07 3.57E+05 3.27E+03 1.00E+04 40.2
45
Niobium
Columbite
8.08E+05 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
21.8
46
Phosphate
rock
Fluorapatite
6.70E+09 5.80E+04 5.32E+02 1.23E+03 29.5
99
PGM
Cooperite
1.29E+04 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
15.3
153
Potash
Sylvite
1.29E+09 3.92E+07 3.60E+05 8.85E+05 13.2
244
REE
Bastnaesite
2.47E+06 2.25E+04 2.06E+02 9.16E+02 2.4
739
Rhenium
Re in
molybdenite
9.17E+02 2.32E+03 2.13E+01 9.89E+01 26.8
44
Selenium
Se in Cu
ores
7.94E+04 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
47.4
58
Silicon
Quartz
1.32E+08 2.37E+03 2.17E+01 7.53E+01 N.A.
N.A.
Silver
Argentite
1.03E+06 1.87E+05 1.71E+03 3.40E+03 72.1
19
Strontium
Celestine
9.70E+06 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
58.8
14
Tantalum
Tantalite
2.33E+04 2.76E+05 2.53E+03 1.21E+04 17.5
94
Tellurium
Te in Cu
ores
7.32E+03 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
25.0
N.A.
Thorite
1.24E+04 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
0.1
N.A.
Thorium
Tin
Cassiterite
1.91E+07 2.00E+05 1.84E+03 2.79E+03 77.3
19
Titanium-
rutile
Rutile
1.92E+07 4.16E+03 3.81E+01 9.50E+01 29.9
72
Titanium-
ilmenite
Ilmenite
1.97E+08 2.18E+04 2.00E+02 6.01E+02 22.5
100
Uranium
Uraninite
4.39E+04 5.34E+04 4.99E+02 1.01E+03 26.7
125
Continued on next page :::
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