Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12.2: Exergy replacement costs of important industrial minerals. Values
are expressed in GJ/t of substance if not otherwise specified.
E(x)
x
c
[g/g]
x
m
[g/g]
x
r
[g/g]
k(x = x
c
)
k(x = x
m
)
Bonus
Mining
and conc.
Smelting
and re-
fining
Aluminium (Gibbsite)
E=1,508x-0.5
1.38E-03
7.03E-01
9.50E-01
2,088
1,041
627
10.5
23.9
Antimony (Stibnite)
E=2.72x-0.5
2.75E-07
5.27E-02
9.00E-01
3,929
40
474
1.4
12.0
Arsenic (Arsenopyrite)
E=26.3x-0.5
4.71E-06
2.17E-02
9.00E-01
1,470
63
400
9.0
19.0
Beryllium (Beryl)
E=4.51x-0.5
3.22E-05
7.80E-02
9.00E-01
362
26
253
7.2
450.0
Bismuth (Bismuthinite)
E=26.3x-0.5
5.10E-08
2.46E-03
9.00E-01
7,859
94
489
3.6
52.8
Cadmium (Greenockite)
E=26.3x-0.5
1.16E-07
1.28E-04
3.86E-03
39,230
3,609
5,898
263.9
278.5
Chromium (Chromite)
E=11.81x-0.5
1.98E-04
6.37E-01
8.10E-01
48
18
5
0.1
36.3
Cobalt (Linnaeite)
E=2.24x-0.64
5.15E-09
1.90E-03
4.56E-02
-
-
10,872
9.2
129.0
Copper (Chalcopyrite)
E=23.81x-0.35
6.64E-05
1.67E-02
8.09E-01
525
170
110
28.8
21.4
Fluorite
E=7.25x-0.5
1.12E-05
2.50E-01
9.00E-01
582
25
183
1.5
-
Gold
E=135,664x-0.285;
x [g/t]
1.28E-09
2.24E-06
1.38E-04
6,380,357
2,135,879
583,668
107751.8
-
Gypsum
E=3.58x-0.5
1.26E-04
8.00E-01
9.50E-01
118
35
15
0.2
-
Iron ore (Hematite)
E=3.58x-0.5
9.66E-04
7.30E-01
9.50E-01
165
78
18
0.7
13.4
Lead (Galena)
E=3.58x-0.5
6.67E-06
2.37E-02
6.35E-01
384
21
37
0.9
3.3
Lime
E=3.58x-0.5
8.00E-03
6.00E-01
9.50E-01
13
9
3
0.4
5.8
Lithium (Spodumene)
E=3.58x-0.5
3.83E-04
8.04E-01
9.50E-01
190
88
546
12.5
420.0
Manganese (Pyrolusite)
E=0.911x-0.5
4.90E-05
5.00E-01
6.71E-01
37
8
16
0.2
57.4
Mercury (Cinnabar)
E=96.8x-0.5
5.73E-08
4.41E-03
9.00E-01
209,116
2,154
28,298
157.0
252.0
Molybdenum (Molybdenite)
E=23.6x-0.5
1.83E-06
5.01E-04
9.18E-01
6,505
660
908
136.0
12.0
Nickel sulph. (Pentlandite)
E=17.01x-0.67
5.75E-05
3.36E-02
4.68E-01
13,039
585
761
15.5
100.0
Nickel later. (Garnierite)
E=2.11x-0.5
4.10E-06
4.42E-02
8.04E-02
876
136
167
1.7
412.0
Phosphate rock (Apatite)
E=0.373x-0.5
4.03E-04
5.97E-03
9.00E-01
77
29
0.4
0.3
4.6
Potassium (Sylvite)
E=15.4x-0.5
2.05E-06
3.99E-01
9.00E-01
1,926
45
1,224.2
3.1
N.A.
REE (Bastnaesite)
E=21.8x-0.5
2.54E-05
6.00E-02
8.55E-01
3,075
213
348.4
10.2
374.0
Silicon (Quartz)
E=3.97x-0.5
2.29E-01
6.50E-01
9.80E-01
6
9
0.7
0.7
76.0
Silver (Argentite)
E=24.7x-0.5
1.24E-08
4.27E-06
9.00E-01
112,846
8,813
7,371.4
1281.4
284.8
Sodium (Halite)
E=8.13x-0.5
5.89E-04
2.00E-01
9.00E-01
71
14
44.1
3.3
39.6
Tantalum (Tantalite)
E=429x-0.5
1.58E-07
7.44E-03
3.80E-01
6,729,367
111,449
482,828
3082.8
8.1
Tin (Cassiterite)
E=10.6x-0.5
2.61E-06
6.09E-03
8.63E-01
2,704
133
426
15.2
11.4
Ti-Ilmenite
E=8.16x-0.5
4.71E-03
2.42E-02
9.00E-01
172
105
5
7.2
128.1
Ti-Rutile
E=6.32x-0.5
2.73E-04
2.10E-03
9.00E-01
143
67
9
13.8
243.8
Uranium (Uraninite)
E=138.8x-0.28
1.51E-06
3.18E-03
7.50E-01
13,843
3,697
901
188.8
N.A.
Vanadium
E=1.92x-0.5
9.70E-05
2.00E-02
9.00E-01
4,174
632
1,055
136.0
381.0
Wolfram (Scheelite)
E=1.61x-0.5
2.67E-06
8.94E-03
9.00E-01
69,721
3,033
7,429
213.0
381.0
Zinc (Sphalerite)
E=3.01x-0.5
9.96E-05
6.05E-02
7.90E-01
104
13
25
1.5
40.4
Zirconium (Zircon)
E=3.01x-0.5
3.88E-04
4.02E-03
9.00E-01
10,580
4,538
654
738.5
633.0
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