Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.20 Available, potential use and current exergy consumption of natural resources. Updated from Valero D. et al. (2010b)
RESOURCE
AVAILABLE
POTENTIAL
CURRENT
Renewable resources
TW
Gtoe/yr TW
Gtoe/yr
TW
Gtoe/yr
RW use %
Geothermal
17.9
13.5
0.06 - 0.12
0.04 - 0.09
1.07E-02
0.008
8.6
Tidal power
2.7
2
0.166
0.12
3.00E-04
2.26E-04
0.2
Solar PV
43,200 32,530
51.4
38.70
3.00E-03
2.00E-03
5.8E-03
Solar thermal power
43,200 32,530
0.63 - 4.7
0.47 - 3.5
8.54E-04
6.43E-04
2.4E-02
Hydropower
11
8.3
1.8
1.4
1.03
0.78
57.2
Wind power
1,000
753
14.5
10.9
0.19
0.15
1.3
Ocean thermal gradient
1.13E+08 Gtoe
-
-
-
-
-
Ocean conveyor belt
2,000
1,506
-
-
-
-
-
Ocean waves
3
2.3
0.5
0.38
2.80E-06
2.11E-06
5.6E-04
Biomass
92
69
19 - 56
14 - 42
1.5
1.1
2.7
Non renewable resources
Gtoe
Gtoe
Gtoe
R/P, yrs
Uranium - fission
27,100
5,200
0.63
8304
Thorium - fission
7,500
-
-
-
Deuterium + Tritium (fusion)
74,000
-
-
-
Coal
1,617
518
4.3
120
Oil
346
204.3
3.9
52
Natural gas
696.5
175.5
2.5
70
Non-conventional fuels 1
20,000
> 1,500
>0.07
-
Non-fuel minerals
> 10.7
> 1.33
0.033
aver. 126
RW w/o ocean th. grad.
34,884 Gtoe/yr
97 Gtoe/yr
2.1 Gtoe/yr
RW use: 2.1%
Non RW
>131,000 Gtoe
> 7,600 Gtoe
11.4 Gtoe
R/P: 664 yrs
Conv. Foss. fuels + Min.
>2600 Gtoe
> 900 Gtoe
10.8 Gtoe
R/P: 84 yrs
[1] Due to lack of information, it has been assumed that the exergy of non-conventional fossil
fuels is that included in Table 6.7, using the net calorific values reported by Eggleston et al.
(2006).
 
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