Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.17: The exergy of the world's natural gas proven reserves reported in
BP (2011). - continued from previous page.
Trillion Nm
3
Exegy, Mtoe
Country
Syria
0.3
241.7
United Arab Emirates
6.0
5,656.3
Yemen
0.5
458.2
Other Middle East
0.2
205.1
Total Middle East
75.8
71,099.1
Algeria
4.5
4,224.5
Egypt
2.2
2,072.9
Libya
1.5
1,452.9
Nigeria
5.3
4,963.6
Other Africa
1.2
1,099.1
Total Africa
14.7
13,812.9
Australia
2.9
2,738.9
Bangladesh
0.4
343.4
Brunei
0.3
282.5
China
2.8
2,633.5
India
1.5
1,360.3
Indonesia
3.1
2,879.1
Malaysia
2.4
2,248.2
Myanmar
0.3
312.2
Pakistan
0.8
772.6
Papua New Guinea
0.4
414.4
Thailand
0.3
292.8
Vietnam
0.6
578.8
Other Asia Pacific
0.4
329.9
Total Asia Pacific
16.2
15,186.7
TOTAL WORLD
187.1
175,529.5
End of the table
According to Table 11.17, the exergy reserves of conventional natural gas are
around 176 Gtoe, opposed to the 168.9 estimated in Chap. 6 with the conversion
data provided by BP. This indicates, that natural gas exergy reserves are very
similar to those of fuel-oil. The exergy of natural gas produced in 2010 is 2.5
Gtoe
11
. It should be remembered, that additional available natural gas resources
are estimated, in exergy terms, to be as much as 521 Gtoe (IGU, 1997; Gregory and
Rogner, 1998) (see Sec. 6.6.6.2).
11.3.1.4 Exergy decrease of fossil fuels due to the greenhouse effect
The exergy of fossil fuel reserves may decrease either through extraction and subse-
quent burning, or through an alteration of the reference environment. In Valero D.
and Valero (2012) the topic's authors studied the exergy loss of fossil fuel reserves
due to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (mainly CO
2
) and the
subsequent rise in temperature. The investigation was supported by the equa-
tions explained in Sec. 9.5.3 and the temperature vs. CO
2
concentration dynamics
11
Average natural gas is considered to have an exergy content of 51,276 kJ/kg and a HHV of
54,811 kJ/kg.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search